The Legislative Department (United States Goverment) Research Paper - 1

The Legislative Department (United States Goverment) - Research Paper Example The House contains of 400 and thirty five individuals who are chosen from fifty conditions of the nation. Notwithstanding that there are likewise six different individuals with non-casting a ballot rights. The individual directing the House procedures is the Speaker of the House who is picked after a political decision between the agents (Tocqueville, Alexis and Goldhammer 2004). The House of Representatives are brought into power following a constituent procedure. Decisions happen in each of the fifty conditions of the nation and they conclude who will make it to the House and who will linger behind the race to make it to the Congress. When in doubt, all individuals from the House of Representatives are chosen at regular intervals. Also, they ought to be at any rate a quarter century old at the hour of political race. Additionally, it is a pre imperative that they should hold the citizenship of the USA for a time of in any event seven years nearby being an inhabitant of the State that they wish to speak to (US Congress 2007). Most definitely, the Congress involves one hundred of them, of which two speak to each State of the nation. They are additionally chosen by the individuals of their separate states for a time of six years. They are chosen in such a way, that 33% of the Senators must be reappointed after at regular intervals. In addition, it is an unquestionable requirement that the Senators ought to be in any event thirty years old, occupants of the State they wish to speak to and residents of the United States for a time of at any rate nine years (Quirk, Paul and Binder 2005). As referenced over, the Legislative Branch comprises of two associations which together make up the Congress of the United States of America. Those two associations are known as the Senate and the House of Representatives. These together are answerable for doing the authoritative procedure that is required to keep up legitimate running of the economy. One of the numerous

Strategic Options for Organisations

Key Options for Organizations Section A Recognize a key choice for an association. Create in any event three proposed authoritative objectives for the vital arrangement in meeting with: Partners. Partners allude to people and gatherings that have enthusiasm for the association and additionally its items or administrations. Partners may incorporate however are not restricted to †clients, providers, proprietors, investors, banks, directors, workers, representative associations, nearby network, contenders, and administrative bodies. In accordance with partner needs, and Regarding any current key arrangement. Association: Linguis International Institute Auckland (A) To actualize Biometric framework for the year 1/2014-2015 to check it in beginning 2 months concerning machine working. It is utilized for security of data and check/authentificaton of data and using thumb print and sparing it to get total profile about the understudy. (B)To actualize Model arrangement of learning for next 2 years (on the web) and to be check in beginning a half year whether course of action is on appropriate way or not (C) Using the Biometric framework †this can be utilized for customary participation to be kept up for a scholastic year and trustworthiness of time (kept up) from 9 am to 4pm from Wednesday to Friday up to September of 2013. Also, the level of participation ought not be low than 75 percent. 2. Recognize at any rate three vital alternatives through aftereffects of a natural examination that are steady with the organisation’s reason, course and qualities . Ecological examination of three vital alternatives through swot investigation that are unsurprising with association, reason ,bearings and qualities: (S)trengths Wi-Fi and PC office is given. Lingui’s universal establishment is approved by NZQA The school discovers issues of researchers and they will the assistance the understudies by giving plans . (W)eaknesses The Wi-Fi speed is moderate in light of the fact that there are numerous understudy utilize the web simultaneously. State of seats and tables are bad. The outside of liguis global organization is restricted in examination with different schools. (O)pportunities There ought to be a discussion on subjects of business the executives toward the finish of the classes. Lingui’s worldwide establishment ought to likewise begin another school in capital on New Zealand. The linguis school should keep separate test and meeting to understudies to give affirmation by video call meet. (T)hreats Here the researchers are high in number for each degree of class so there should be simply obliged in number and it should be 10 to 12. The sterile kitchen isn't kept up each time because of that such flus or viral sicknesses we can get. 3.Determine the possibility of key alternatives regarding the capacity to meet the three proposed authoritative objectives (Q1). You should choose the two most doable alternatives from Q1 with interview with in any event two partners. (a) Model arrangement of learning through online in counsel with partner lee Model framework implies we live n time of cutting edge PC innovation. Learning is upheld by information and mechanical correspondence. Every understudy must be aware of e discovering that isn't limited to getting of IT wellness yet is used inside much explanation through programming, web, and looking for through changed locales. The understudy when he goes to the school he should be given a login id with respect to web realizing where understudy should login into that so he can get each data in that login school site. Utilization of this framework may profit by auxiliary methodology, realizing time to time and understudy could be evaluated. (B) Attendance and speediness of time through records in gathering with lee- On the off chance that the student needs to withdraw he should illuminate the school by doing call to head or keeping E-mail to educator. On the off chance that understudy wont go to the school regularly or in nonattendance the organization can make disciplinary move by charging discipline some measure of dollars for beginning notice and second admonition fuses they can any disciplinary development by rusticating and pulled back of affirmation. The movement of nz is having a total profile of researcher and student ought to keep up ordinary participation and he should not accomplish work more than 20 as indicated by migration rules during coming to class. (c) Biometric framework in conversations with partner need harry randhawa- Here biometric framework alludes to a machine which is utilized for control ,check and capacity of information. The biometric framework is important for establishment where if researcher arrives behind schedule to the school the machine wont acknowledge the participation. it is formed in such a manner, to the point that as indicated by school timings and the machine programming and software engineer should be arranged and acquainted concurring with school timings and rules. The participation must be kept up through biometric framework where understudies thumb impression is taken by the machine step by step morning, evening and in the takeoff from the school evening time. The two most plausible alternatives are for additional examination in counsel with at any rate two partners regarding: Expenses Advantages Dangers. The practicality of choices in capacity to meet proposed association for additional examination with two partners; Expenses The online arrangement of learning , it is possible cost for establishment and to buy that product it in like manner obliges cost. In various establishments and in various countries they follow model learing .this may be reasonable by organization and where it is of less expense and not time taking procedure with the goal that instructor and researcher supporter can spare his time. The biometric framework cost is less for each machine .Its foundation charges are similarly less and the linguis like association can bear ,in light of the fact that just one machine is required for a class and official requires one machine . Advantages The benefits of online framework is that model learing incorporates where efficient by educator and student ,supporter and head where one can upgrade his learning and correspondence with internet learning. The biometric framework benefits incorporates machine evaluates, the checks and affirm the participation of a researcher and moreover complete profile of understudy data is spared and time the executives models. Dangers: The hazard incorporates is therewith the online arrangement of learning and biometric framework where biometric framework is a machine expensive enough if an individual breaks the machine or does any insidious thing the machine gets hurt and data wont be spared .so cameras in class must be kept to dodge the conditions. Likewise online framework the data may be hacked by programmers and introducing of infection in that product, to foresee it antivirus programming required. 4. Choose and legitimize the favored vital alternative distinguished in Q3 as far as its capacity to meet every one of the accompanying: Authoritative reason Association course, and Authoritative qualities. Authoritative reason (a )The authoritative reason essential thing to give the nature of preparing to universal understudies from wherever all through the world who come. (b) The explanation behind them is the spot calling starts and learning this is the guideline purpose of Linguis. Association course (a) To introduce overall students the New Zealand culture. (b) To give presentation program for the new understudies in better manner. (C) The guideline Moto is to coordinate discussions and classes and oral introduction. Authoritative qualities (a) To give cozy relationship among particular strict and culture. (b) The affiliation esteem is that where bearer and learning starts. (C) To give researchers master and condition in which to instruct and learn. PART B Produce a vital arrangement for the usage of in any event one key alternative for an association. The key arrangement might be an archived arrangement or an announcement of vital expectation upheld by a scope of plans. 1. Your arrangement must incorporate the accompanying important activities required to execute the favored key alternative decided Part A: Assets, Basic results, Timescales and achievements Possibility arranging (PC 2.1) Biometric framework is a machine it is propelled hardware utilized by establishments to focus on the researchers participation and time and associations typical data record , all records sparing by utilizing of unique mark. Assets The linguis foundation is outstanding amongst other establishment in rivalry with various schools which has been authorize by newzealand subjective position .In this serious world the linguis organization expected to execute specific assets to accomplish statures in business in regards to training. Here to execute the biometric framework, To acquire this sort of framework establishment first Auckland the board organization gathering to hold a gathering and to take a choice about actualize this framework. By then they need to talk with overseeing chief to execute this framework. The assets required are to talk organization specialist with respect to require 4 machines so to arrange them and to get it for sensible cost rather than genuine prize. At that point to talk with the organization administrator in regards to establishment strategy and to be finished by linguis prerequisites like participation, time and information putting something aside for a long time plan. Basic results Basic results are nothing yet a change is required. So foundation constantly needs to check like a half year to confirm and to have evaluation, estimation about instiution bring about each fragment and to address and to think of new plans and to execute this is itself a change. here organization needs a bio metric machine where it is programmed so no need of running with manual work or separate staff to think about the students participation, passage of understudies to the school and sparing of organization records in respects

How would you explain the popularity of the cakewalk in the late Essay

How might you clarify the fame of the cakewalk in the late nineteenth-century United States - Essay Example This sort of routine rivalry occurred among the slaves in the southern piece of the US primarily before the liberation however it is obviously that considerably after liberation the move and tune style didn't cease to exist. This paper tries to clarify the prominence of the cakewalk in the late nineteenth-century United States. The vast majority of the realities of cakewalk move and tune were not widely archived as at 1981. In any case, there existed a bunch of records about the move. Brooke Baldwin in his 1981 articles (in the Journal of Social History) the Cakewalk: a Study in Stereotype and Reality presented an about complete gathering of the previously existing records of the move (Baldwin, 1981: pp203-212). The accumulation was, to bigger part, records of the onlookers of the move. These onlookers were the ex-slaves who may have additionally partook in the move. The records by the Virginia and Georgia ex-slaves had just been confirmed by the WPA scientists during the 1930s. Baldwin plainly notes in his article that after the 1930 WPA examine, it turned out to be monstrously hard to shroud the more joyful side of bondage (Baldwin, 1981: pp207). One of the respondent reviewed how she used to sing the tunes and cakewalk. She likewise included how cakewalk was for sure fun among the slaves during the subjugation times. As indicated by this particular respondent, the ladies wore long dresses which were regularly unsettled and the men wore high caps as well as split followed coats. They here and there utilized strolling sticks during the move. The move was done in couples and the couple that moved the best would get the prize. It is intriguing to take note of that the white slave proprietors would go to the cakewalk moves and they delighted in a great deal watching the slaves move. As a matter of fact, the slave proprietors chose the triumphant couple. This record was a direct record from a previous slave in Virginia. Other than the direct records, Baldwin too

Political Theory Essay

Jealousy Testâ€The hypothesis that the division of assets is really equivalent if and just in the event that one individual doesn't incline toward somebody else’s segment of the riches to his own. That implies that if everybody in the public eye is ahppy with what they have when contrasted with what every other person has then the general public finishes the jealousy assessment. This has never occurred and appears to be in opposition to human instinct. The further false notion is that it would ever be accomplished in that a few people are brought into the world with natural gifts that can't be changed to give them less assets. Unremunerated rightsâ€Proponents of this political hypothesis contend that the Bill of Rights was not proposed as a rundown of the considerable number of rights an individual ought to be ensured under the Constitution. They contend that rights not recorded, for example the privilege to protection, despite everything exist. This hypothesis was first advanced by the Warren Court in contending that individuals reserved a privilege to security. It is likewise every now and again utilized in the fetus removal rights banter as a legitimization for a woman’s option to control her own body. Governmental issues of recognitionâ€this is the political hypothesis that contends we can possibly accomplish illumination and fairness when we perceive that individuals are not homogenous and recognize the innate contrasts among individuals. This is nearly the specific inverse of legislative issues of equity which guarantee that all individuals have a similar fundamental needs, needs and wants and ought to be dealt with no different. Community engagementâ€is the term used to characterize a person’s inclusion in the social and political reasons for their general surroundings. In brain science, it utilized essentially to portray how included an individual is in social causesâ€volunteering at a soup kitchen, and so on. In political theory terms, it is utilized to characterize how included an individual is in the participatory parts of governmentâ€do they simply vote, play a functioning job in crusades, bolster certain up-and-comers, and so on. Dark consciousnessâ€primarily utilized corresponding to South African legislative issues, this is the hypothesis than being dark is in excess of a skin shading and speaks to the manner in which the minority decides to act toward itself and toward others. The development contends that blacks in South Africa misuse each other more than whites abuse one another and that piece of the issue is a socially characterized set of qualities and traits that they have acknowledged about themselves. The development assembles for blacks to band to change the manner in which they treat themselves and to change the manner in which they are treated by the rest of society. Cover of ignoranceâ€this is the hypothesis that residents are intentionally kept in obscurity about the genuine impacts of certain enactment. In 1971, thinker John Rawls contended that social equity necessitates that individuals be incognizant in regards to the manner in which something will affect them specifically and look rather to how it influences society as entirety. As of late, the contention has been made the particular vested parties have lifted the cloak of obliviousness causing everybody to consider how enactment influences them by and by. All inclusive citizenshipâ€the objective of widespread citizenship is to wipe out all obstructions to cooperation in the political procedure. Along these lines, under a proposition for it in the European Union, even youngsters would reserve the option to cast a ballot, however this would be completed by their folks until they arrived at a particular age either 16 or 18. It accept that everybody ought to have an equivalent option to take an interest in the political procedure. Anthropocentrismâ€is the way toward survey things from an exclusively human point of view and the word is generally utilized from a disdainful perspective suggesting that by being so self-ingested in the needs, needs and wants of humankind we might be disregarding the requirements of another similarly significant species. This is totally contrary to the ideas of natural selection and to the victor goes the crown jewels. As per Dworkin, Adrian (the cultivator) owes nothing to Bruce (the tennis player), as an issue of equity. Despite the fact that they will have inconsistent products, this isn't uncalled for. Notwithstanding, Adrian may owe something to Claude (the fruitless nursery worker), and Adrian’s descendents may owe something to Bruce’s descendents. Why? In your answer, make certain to distinguish and apply Dworkin’s hypothesis of distributive equity. In Dworkin’s hypothesis of distributive equity, the beginnings are the exceedingly significant state just like their effect on the end.â In this situation, the explanation that Adrian owes nothing to Bruce suggests that they started existence with equivalent assets or that Bruce started existence with more noteworthy assets. It doesn't examine whether Bruce may owe something to Adrian. In like manner, by saying that Adrian may owe something to Claude, who is jobless, it suggests that Claude and Adrian have equivalent assets and equivalent abilities, however that Adrian has been fruitful where Claude has not. Besides, by saying that Adrian’s relatives may owe something to Bruce’s descendents the inquiry suggests that those relatives may have inconsistent starting assets and closure statuses. The way to Dworkin’s conveyance of riches hypothesis is that equivalent asset implies correspondence. In this way, if both Adrian and Bruce have a similar essential resourcesâ€family, instruction, etc.â€then they have met the underlying prerequisite for balance. In any case, when a circumstance grows so Adrian begrudges the things that Bruce has, the equity is no more. The issue with Dworkin’s hypothesis is that it neglects to address the effect of gifts in the condition and furthermore neglects to address non-money related parts of the jealousy test. For instance, if Adrian and Bruce can make equivalent money related progress with their particular callings, they ought to be equivalent under the jealousy test, yet on the off chance that Adrian accepts (precisely or not) that Bruce has a progressively breathtaking existence with less work, more access to distinction, and so on., at that point the circumstance may in any case bomb the jealousy test. This model consummately shows the defects in the jealousy test and in Dworkin’s hypothesis. Notwithstanding the defects, Dworkin’s hypothesis has been to a great extent utilized and in this manner different provisos of the question.â The way that Dworkin’s hypothesis has been utilized, it is acknowledged as a given that Claude, who is jobless, will be desirous of Adrian and subsequently they will be inconsistent. To try and out this disparity, the administration use of the hypothesis has been to take assets (as expenses) from Adrian and offer them to Claude. The issue with this arrangement is that it can make envy the other way. To make them equivalent, you would need to expel half of what Adrian has and offer it to Claude with the goal that he would not be jealous of Adrian. At that point, the two would have equivalent resources.â Then, notwithstanding, Adrian is probably going to be envious of Claude who has no different things that Adrain does however who has not needed to work for them; he will begrudge Claude’s way of life. At last, a great part of the slamming done about the conveyance of riches framework boils down to simply thatâ€another type of jealousy. The liberal perspective on general citizenship has been tested by women's activists and supporters for race-based personality governmental issues. What is this view, shouldn't something be said about it has been tested, and what is it asserted to be missing? In your answer, examine the hypotheses of Young/MacKinnon and Fanon/Biko. The issue with the liberal perspective on all inclusive citizenship is that it requires as premise equity. On the off chance that all individuals were equivalent, had consistently been equivalent, and would consistently been equivalent, at that point the idea of general citizenship would be substantial, however the suitable thing to advance. In any case, the explanation that it is broadly tested by women's activists and upheld for race-based personality legislative issues is that at no time in mankind's history have people at any point been treated as evident equivalents. MacKinnon and different women's activists contend that all things considered, without recognizable and spur sub-gatherings of voters, the framework will default o keeping up business as usual and will as a result advance strength by white male society. Fanon’s contention is comparative however not actually the equivalent. He contends that to value the estimation of citizenship, one more likely than not been associated with a brutal battle to achieve it. This is kind of progressive governmental issues on a fundamental level. It accept that individuals don't esteem rights that they are given to such an extent as those that they battle for. The fundamental commenced is that in battling, through rough battle to accomplish citizenship and later the rights passed on with citizenship, the African-American (and to a lesser degree other racial gatherings) has increased a self-personality that would be lost in the event that they had been allowed widespread citizenship. It is conceivable that the restriction to widespread citizenship originates from our instilled confidence in customary political hypothesis as created by dead white men who set tremendous confinements on citizenship including social class, race, sexual orientation, age, land proprietorship and proficiency just as different necessities through the ages. It ought to likewise be viewed as whether, in spite of their noble inspirations, women's activists and other people who have been allowed citizenship and the rights in that are not restricting all inclusive citizenship in their own out-moded rendition of us versus the other. As they are not, at this point an unmistakable segment of the other, it is conceivable that they want to keep on giving that status on various people including ongoing settlers and youngsters. Traditionalist adversaries to widespread citizenship state that the idea disposes of ideas of national faithfulness and even racial loyalty, prompting a homogony of individuals that devastates enhancement and dispenses with social contrasts. While a few advocates would state that is actually the point, adversaries call attention to that digestion of every single diverse thought into one standard is counterproductive and disposes of the longing for and will to change. Kymlicka claims that all ways to deal with contemporary political hypothesis underwrite the proposi

Virtues that pharmacists should possess 2 Literature review

Excellencies that drug specialists ought to have 2 - Literature audit Example A large number of the choices that drug specialists make are life and passing ones, thus we require a solid code of morals from them. In the same way as other significant callings they are regarded yet they are likewise held to elevated expectations. As per Peterson (2004), excellencies are center attributes that are esteemed by rationalists and strict masterminds which increase the value of the character controlled by a person to make them fit to act in an assignment, work or initiative position. Peterson proposes that despite the fact that the ideals of knowledge, equity, mental fortitude, humankind, balance and greatness might be in struggle in the mind of an individual, these ethics add to the character of an individual to make them fit to a position or a work. Peterson goes further to express that character qualities are the mental fixings that are spoken to in excellencies. For instance, shrewdness relies upon inventiveness, interest, love of learning, liberality and having a major image of life. The idea of expert jobs requests a prudence ethic, which underscores doing great dependent on the nature and good centrality of such a job. A righteous specialist in an expert job must have the option to act in a manner that improves society (Oakley, 2003). Oakley contends that a ‘regulative ideal’ is attractive and activities in circumstances are correct just if a specialist with a righteous character would do likewise in the conditions. In this way, as per Oakley, the goodness of kindheartedness is alluring in drug specialist, a specialist or a wellbeing laborer on the grounds that such a prudence brings about a longing to spare lives. Unmistakably, a rehearsing drug specialist who manages patients needing drugs that can fix, yet in addition slaughter because of hazardous symptoms, needs to act to the greatest advantage of a patient in a savvy, generous and tempered way. The Kantian Categorical Imperative presents norms of right conduct for proficient specialists. With out a doubt, under this plan, just certain

Roles and responsibilities of leaders

The board and initiative go connected at the hip for powerful running of exercises and procedures inside the association. As splendidly put by numerous creators, achievement can never be accomplished in any association without the commitment of a decent pioneer who can rebuild, tackle issues and guide different representatives inside their associations. Past it has been emphatically proposed that administration and the executives approaches inside an association influence the manner in which administration arrangement is conveyed and in the long run the presentation and accomplishment inside the association. Excellency in initiative consistently begins with the pioneer and the manner in which he treats those under his administration, correspondence is the most vital and assignment of capacity to the remainder of the individuals from the association, obligations ought to be endowed to the remainder of the staff in the association so they can generally be a piece of the answer for issues relating the association. (Newstrom, 1997) The term administration involves the inspiration of individuals or a group so as to accomplish certain authoritative objectives and destinations. One of the primary jobs for pioneers is to impact the individuals they lead through impetuses, advancements, order, elements and collaboration with the point of accomplishing and keeping up a sound authoritative culture.â Leaders have the obligation of being participative, strong, mandate and all the more significantly accomplishment balanced with the end goal of characterizing certain errands for their devotees (Newstrom, 1997). Numerous associations necessitate that their pioneers configuration work motivation for their supporters and get worried about their goals, emotions, accomplishments, issues and outside condition so as to focus all interests to the association. For an alive and well association, the pioneer must be the hireling of the laborers as in, he generally tunes in to the laborers and do as they need the work done in light of the fact that typically they are the individuals who are at the ground and they will in general comprehend the association superior to the pioneer, so its up to the pioneer to see that he discusses impeccably with his staff in issues relating improvement of the organization.â â (Conger and Pearce, 2003) In each association, authority is urgent for keeping up a solid authoritative culture inside itself. The fundamental job that a pioneer is qualified for embrace is to plan, control and direct others to perform explicit assignments inside the association. Authoritative culture for the most part involve the â€lets cooperate soul whereby the association carries on like a ‘society’ where thereâ are qualities, standards and rules whichâ all people hold fast to. Since these are individuals who cooperate under the direction of their pioneers, certain convictions are settled in their lives which bring forth consolation and excitement along these lines a sound hierarchical culture. Pioneers in this manner use a solid hierarchical culture to adjust work life tasks so as to accomplish the best structure the representatives. (Conger and Pearce, 2003) The most significant and ground-breaking assets inside any association are the pioneers. These are the individuals who are answerable for impacting the manner in which the hierarchical culture and atmosphere is demonstrated. They either make positive or negative workplaces and in this manner they can decide the improvement plan for the association (Newstrom, 1997). Great administration culture begins with a decent comprehension of viable correspondence for example neighborliness and tolerance; Previous research has shown that representatives will in general stir better when esteemed up by pioneers who are capable. Be that as it may, because of assorted variety, absence of preparing, absence of inspiration, expansion among today’s pioneers and absence of clear frameworks to administer administration today, there has been moderate improvement and numerous associations have been bombed by their pioneers. Reference Conger, J.A., and Pearce, C.L. (2003): Shared Leadership: Reframing the Hows and Whys of Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Newstrom, W. (1997): Organizational Behavior; Human Behavior at Work; New York: McGraw-Hill

Individual Design Assignment Technology, Budget, Time - 1100 Words

Individual Design Assignment: Technology, Budget, Time (Essay Sample) Content: Individual Design AssignmentName:Institution:Date of submission:Individual Design AssignmentIntroductionHerein is a design for the manufacture of a garden tiller, project BCDA. The project in context is aimed at producing an efficient garden tiller that would ease garden activities as much as possible i.e. reduce human effort to small units. The main source of power of the project is electricity. However, in other circumstances, solar power and wind generated power shall suffice. The aftermath of the project will be marked by a completely assembled garden tiller capable of performing garden operations with an efficiency of close to a hundred percent. Human intervention concerning the operation of BCDA is minimized to a greater extent. Most of the operations of BCDA have been automated. 1 ConstraintsIn project management, a restriction is any type of restriction that is capable of highlighting a projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s limitations. Constraints include everything that dicta tes the actions of the project team. Constraints can cover a vast territory. Commonly, triple constraints have been provided for. In most cases time, resources and quality comprise, to a greater extent, impediments. Projects, of course, cannot lack one or two of the constraints, in severe cases all the three cases of constraints. As an illustration, projects in medical industry find quality as the primary constraint, while resources and time may serve as secondary constraints. In information Technology industries, may find time as the primary constraint. * TimeAs illustrated above time can be a constraint in project management. Most cases, time as a constraint comes with deadlines set in place. This scenario is commonly referred to as make it happen now. An example concerning time as a constraint is a situation whereby you have been appointed to be in charge of a house party whereby all necessary arrangements have been met including the date set for the party. In such a situation, i t is compulsory that you work within the stipulated time frame because an attempt to push the date forward would prove futile.In this situation, time is of essence regarding the completion of the Garden Tiller project. Completion of the project in time would ensure that the deadline stipulated for the project is not violated. All activities that concern this project must be time-driven i.e. submission of results must be within the date due. * BudgetBudget is another constraint as far project management is concerned. A budget can limit the extent to which a person can obtain resources to facilitate the whole project. An example would be avoidance of particular components of a project that are not supported by the budget. For instance, if component X would cripple the whole project, then it would be a necessity to avoid such a component. For the facilitation of the completion our project- Garden Tiller Project, expensive components are to be avoided. Of essence is the of cost tools to be used in the facilitation of the whole project. * TechnologyUse of much advanced technology is likely to stifle the rate of progression of the project at large. To this effect, recently developed technology cannot be of great help owing to the fact that adoption of such technology would take a lot of time. Teaching the technical staff on the use of the recently adopted technology on the same not would take a little bit of time. Again, it would be costly to initiate the adoption and use of much-advanced technology. * QualityAs a restraint, quality impacts on the general outcome of the project. Owing to the fact that there is a time limit put in place for the issuance of finished project, stressing on a technically quality project would impede the speed at which the project progression moves. On the same note, somebody canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t produce the highest quality over a limited or restricted budget. On the same note, production of high quality would be impossible given the fact th at time provided for the project is limited too. In reality, exceptions to these constraints never come to reality. The project for the manufacture of a garden tiller, presumably, would take five weeks. The quality of the project as provided for in the plan is taken to be medium. An attempt to escalate the quality of the tiller would take a lot of time, therefore, negatively impacting on the time frame. * ScheduleOf uttermost importance is the issue of schedule for the project. The manufacture of a garden tiller requires the servicers of mechanics and other pertinent workpeople. Say, for example, plumbers have arrived as anticipated, and then, a reshuffle on the schedule is necessary for accommodating adjustments. 2 Functions of the design projectThe design project has been enabled to function in a way that allows the movement of blades through the soil to facilitate tillage. Primarily, the blades wade through the soil crushing large particles of soil that have clumped together. Th e blades shall be designed in a way to ensure control over speed is achievable through automated buttons which should respond upon remote application of pressure.It is worth noting that project BCDA requires minimal human intervention as most of the operations are automated. The overall efficiency of BCDA is high. Ease of use has been increased. All persons are capable of using BCDA in a straightforward manner. There is an increase in portability. Movement of BCDA from place to another is such an easy task. There are no complications concerning the movement of BCDA. 3 Charts tables portability User friendliness flexibility durability total

Toefl Writing Topics

Toefl Writing TopicsToefl writing topics range from self-help, self improvement and self development to leadership, psychology, sociology, business, nutrition, and many more. What we learn in Toefl writing topics should help us improve ourselves and help us to better serve our communities.It's time to step up our game, or at least I hope it is. In any case, the idea is to focus on writing good articles, of course, but also to build a reputation that will allow others to find out what we've got to offer. The ability to generate traffic is key, because as it relates to this article, traffic is what brings in the money.One thing I'd like to discuss is the term 'turning point' which is somewhat of a controversial one. Some say it's code for turning away. It doesn't mean what they think it means, though.Basically, it means setting your mindset on purpose and doing something positive each and every day to improve that mindset. By no means is it a magic bullet; it's more of a natural way of thinking than what I would consider 'magical.'Turning points come from our perspective, not ours. We understand that life comes and goes and when it does, we look to the next big thing and see our best life. You may be thinking, 'I'm trying to write something good and turning point every day.'Turning points may come in the form of breakthrough ideas, helping others or working on skills. Whatever your turning point may be, remember that it is always changing. Your mindset has to remain the same and change with it.Something I like to do is to imagine my turning point at the beginning of each day and repeat that phrase over until it enters my mindset. It can be repeated many times throughout the day, but the significance should not be forgotten. It's a way to motivate yourself.

Economic Perspective Of Climate Change - 1543 Words

Luzhen Wu Professor Belfied Eco 228W 5/8/16 Economic perspective of Climate change Climate is an average weather condition during a region in a given period, it will not change by one day or one night, but instead caused through over time. From the perspective of meteorology, The climate change refers to a specific location, time of regional or global climate change or conversion, based on the all of the conditions associated with the average weather characteristics, such as temperature, wind and precipitation etc. According to the IPCC’s Synthesis Report, â€Å"Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have increased since the pre-industrial era, driven largely by economic and population growth, and are now higher than ever. This has led to atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide that are unprecedented in at least the last 800,000 years. Their effects, together with those of other anthropogenic drivers, have been detected throughout the climate system and ar e extremely likely to have been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century† (Page4) Human are the main reason to cause the climate change. While during the climate changing in naturally, human activities have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere, causing the today’s climate change. And this change is not only hindering the progress and development of society but also affect human society and the survival ofShow MoreRelatedParis Protocol960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Decision to Leave the Paris Agreement Will Hurt the US and the World D’Angelo, Elias. Global Climate Change: International Perspectives and Responses. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 2009. Elias D’Angelo’s book Global Climate Change: International Perspectives and Responses examines the global response to climate change. It provides a history of climate change, discusses perspectives of various nations and policies that have been implemented in order to reduce greenhouse gases, and the resultsRead MoreThe Economics Of Climate Change1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Economics of Climate Change The world economy is a very complex system; in the system harmful externalities disrupt capital flows and determine economic productivity. Most notable of these externalities is inadvertent global warming. Spending towards research and regulation of climate change at both the national and international level are very important in determining current and future business trends. Economists and scientists worldwide continuously debate the pros and cons of emissions reductionRead MoreCritique Nigel Dowers Perspective Of Ethical Development And Globalization1722 Words   |  7 PagesClimate change is related to globalization and development similarly to how economics is related to globalization and development, but with one additional step. Dower (p1. 2005) explains the relationship as follows: â€Å"globalization is an economic process involving increased international investments and trade in goods and services. Development is a process of economic growth. Globalization is the engine of economic growth. So globalization is the engine of development.† For this paper, I will useRead MoreDifferences Between Classical Economics And Neoclassical Economics973 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many differences between mainstream economics/neoclassical economics and political economics. Currently, mainstream and neoclassical economics are the dominant approach in economics. They use math to prove theories and to forecast events. If someone progresses as an economics major, they will enroll in statistic classes and econometrics, which is more quantitative. Since mainstream and neoclassical economics are more measurable, there is a higher chance for error. In order to ensure theRead MorePopulation Dynamics and Its Effects on Climate Change Policy1306 Words   |  5 Pagesand its effects of climate change policy Population growth and its effects on climate change have been hotly debated in recent years by scientists and politicians alike. The Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC has sparked great interest and concern over climate change and how it affects countries differently. The concept of environmental justice has focused on climate change’s unbalanced effects on developing countries, whose populations are more vulnerable to climate change. With rapidly growingRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages Climate change is defined by the Intergovernmental panel on climate change ( IPCC) as a variation in the mean state of climate persisting for an extended period of time typically decades or longer while the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) defines climate change as a change in the climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activities that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observedRead MoreThe Climate Of Rebellion During Modern Ottoman Empire1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe Climate of Rebellion in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire by Sam White is a study of the Ottoman environmental history during the early modern time. Even though environmental history field has been existed for a while, there is very little research on the Ottoman Empire’s environmental history. Despite the limited resources, White finds a different way to approach the issue and writes the first study about the environmental history of the early modern Ottoman Empire. In the beginning, White onlyRead MoreThe Economics Of Climate Change1384 Words   |  6 PagesTristan Ridley English 102 Professor Pontillo 28 January 2016 The Economics of Climate Change The world economy is a very complex system; in the system harmful externalities disrupt capital flows and determine economic productivity. Most notable of these externalities is inadvertent global warming. Spending towards research and regulation of climate change at both the national and international level are very important in determining current and future business trends. Economists and scientists worldwideRead MoreThe Climate Disaster Is Inevitable Or Not?896 Words   |  4 PagesThe climate disaster is the social construction that world population have been embedded this idea through one generation to another generation in society. Actually, it seems like the long-lasting issue for not only regional level but also global level. Several studies might have demonstrated the causes and significant impacts of climate crisis. It is still popular argument in society, whether the climate disaster is currently inevitable or not. If it already occurred, what are the main factors?Read M oreGlobal Warming And The Kyoto Protocol1470 Words   |  6 PagesProtocol. The second part will look at climate change and the protocol from the respective lenses of realism and liberalism. I will argue that while none of the theories precisely covers the entirety of the issue, each provides helpful analysis falls short of clarifying the entire climate change picture. Can states cooperate effectively through the structure of the Kyoto protocol to solve an international problem of global warming?† I. Global Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol The study of

The Heart Of A Dog By Mikhail Bulgakov - 1171 Words

The Heart of a Dog by Mikhail Bulgakov was written in 1925 at the peak of the New Economy Policy period, when communism appeared to be weakening in the Soviet Union. The novel has been interpreted as humorous tale and as an allegory of the communist revolution. The reader could view it as an absurd comical novel; or it could be read as a political parable of the failings of the soviet union and the Russian Revolution. Throughout the novel it can be seen through the historical hint in the novel, the characters, and the metaphors that the novel uses to indicate the failing of the creation of the  ¨new Soviet man. ¨ The Soviet Union prohibited the book from publication due to its undertones as a biting satire of the Soviet Union and was not released in the country until 1987 many years after the author s death. Bulgakov viewed the attempt to create the  ¨new Soviet man ¨ as a failure. This novel started a stray dog, Sharik, who was taken in by Dr. Preobrazhensky. Shairk was the n operated upon and transformed into a human and became the symbolic embodiment of the  ¨new Soviet man. ¨ Preobrazhensky made fun of the Soviet newspapers, and even advised his colleague Bormental against reading it by saying â€Å"If you are conscious about our diet – never speak about Bolshevism during lunch, never read soviet newspapers before lunch.†(p.36) Preobrazhensky, later continued the commentary by saying â€Å"Those who don’t read any newspapers feel excellent, but those whom I forced to read PravdaShow MoreRelatedHeart of a Dog - Mikhail Bulgakov3407 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿The Heart of a Dog Mikhail Bulgakov Andrew Wright ‘The Heart of a Dog’, written by Mikhail Bulgakov in 1925, is a satirical parable illustrating the provincial failures of the Russian regime, post-revolution. According to S. Fusso, Bulgakov’s allegory is not, unlike Orwell’s, â€Å"simple or naà ¯ve†,1 but one that offers an exploration of various different themes, from the ethical implications of eugenics â€Å"that so fascinated the scientific community during the 1920s†,2 to the farcical revolutionRead MoreThe Heart Of A Dog By Mikhail Bulgakov818 Words   |  4 PagesThe Heart of a Dog by Mikhail Bulgakov can be read in many different layers. The reader could view it as an absurd comical novel; or it could be read as a political parable of the failings of the soviet union and the Russian Revolution. Throughout the novel it can be seen through the hints of the soviet over power, the characters, and metaphors that the novel was about the creation of the new Soviet man and a criticism of e ugenics that the Soviet union s system promoted. This novel was writtenRead MoreThe Death Of A Dog Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagesand artists. Each captures and critiques the phenomenon in front of them. Some see beauty in the flames, while others condemn them. Mikhail Bulgakov, a well know science fiction author, wrote a novel about a scientist who gives a stray hound the pituitary gland and reproductive organs of a deceased man. The Heart of a Dog brilliantly paralleled the perception of a dog-turned-man to that of an unquestioning communist follower. The Russian Revolution is one of the most well-known and internationallyRead MoreRussia And The Soviet Union1745 Words   |  7 Pagesform of economic inequality and population division. This is a common theme that remained throughout Russian history until the Bolshevik Revolution, a revolution that paved the way for the establishment of the communist Soviet Union. In Heart of a Dog by Mikhail Bulgakov, the theme of whether or not Russia truly transformed into a new state, and how much of the change is actually of substance and not superficial, was questioned. While Russia was considered a unique communist state after the BolshevikRead MoreThe Soviet Union And Czechoslovakia Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagescoin were the bourgeois specialist who were middle class citizens that were allowed operated outside of the Communist ideas of redistribution of wealth and property. A great example of this was in the surrealistic novel by author Mikhail Bulgakov titled The Heart of a Dog. In the book Dr. Preobrazhensky, an example of a bourgeois specialist, is confronted by the â€Å"new house management committee†, who are representative of the Communist Proletariat, on the issue of his lavish household accommodations

Bullying And Its Effect On Children - 1528 Words

Introduction Bullying can happen anywhere and to anyone whether it is online or in person. It can happen at school, in your neighborhood, or while your on-line. â€Å"Bullying is when someone is being hurt by words or by actions on purpose.† â€Å"Cyberbullying is using technology - internet, email, cell phones, social media, pictures - to hurt or harm someone.† It can have a major effect on the bully and the victim both. But, bullying is not just name calling, it is also teasing, spreading rumors, leaving someone out on purpose, or talking about someone or hurting someone. Bullying is a big deal and has ruined many lives of children who are just my age. Teaching kids about bullying is very important so they will know what to do if they are being†¦show more content†¦Many bullies either got picked on themselves or have a bad home life so they need to make other people s lives bad also. There are also some bullies that just pick on kids to get attention or they think that it s cute. If a bully does not have a lot of stuff that other people have, they feel the need to pick on other kids so that they can stand out and fit in. Bullies do not realize is how much picking on someone can affect them. Similarities/Differences Cyberbullying and bullying have many similarities but do not have very much differences. The similarities of cyberbullying and face-to-face bullying are as simple as them both being some form of bullying. There are different levels of bullying however. Such as the first level being you simply calling someone a name. The next level would be them going from calling them a name once, to them calling them a name everyday. If it continues to get worse and worse than it may even get to the point where they start physically bullying them. Some get as bad as the bully beating them up. But all bullying is bad and not okay. You can hurt people really badly, no matter how much you do it and no matter if it s behind a screen or not. That s why the answer to my research question - Is cyberbullying as bad as face-to-face? - is yes. â€Å"Both are bullying that can cause harmful effects.† But, the bully seems as if they are more bold behind aShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Bullying on Childre n1344 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying in schools is believed to be a normal part of school life, however, when people begin to have this mentality, they forget that bullying is physically and psychologically harmful to both the bully and the victim, therefore, bullying must be eradicated from schools by raising awareness and increasing supervision. The act of bullying or the fear of being bullied underlies almost everything kids do these days. No longer can students leave the gossip and self-doubt at school and go home forRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Bullying is considered to be aggressive behavior that is repeated or has the potential to be repeated, over a period of time. The actions of bullying can include spreading rumors, making threats, verbally or physically attacking someone, or purposely isolating someone from a group. As children attempt to make sense of traumatic events, new behavioral problems can stem from re-experienced occurrences. Some children affected may disassociate themselves from the situations and absorb themselvesRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1476 Words   |  6 Pagesseveral decades, bullying has spread significantly. It has been present all over the world for as long as people can remember. And when technology was released, it created new ways for people to communicate, which made bullying become even worse than before. Adults, teenagers, and children that are all the same are being bullied. Bullying can take form in many different ways, as well as it can affect the victim, and people ar e also able to stop the behavior. THE TYPES OF BULLYING A bullying victim canRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1181 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is unwanted behavior that causes a child to feel isolated and alone. In order for an act to be considered bullying the act has to be, or be able to be repeated multiple times. Bullying can be done verbally by teasing, name-calling, taunting or inappropriate sexual comments directed at someone to purposefully upset them. Bullying can be done socially by isolating students on purpose, telling other students not to play with them, spreading rumors about students or attempting to embarrassRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1366 Words   |  6 Pagescausing this behavior. Primary school is an especially tough time for our young ones. If educators are really looking to put an end to bullying, they have to attack it from the root of the problem (Linder-Altman). What a child is wearing will not get them bullied, it depends on the bully. Making uniforms mandatory in efforts to d ecrease bullying, only teaches our children that the only way to be accepted is by conforming which is not what we should be pushing for. It’s important to attack the problemRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1533 Words   |  7 PagesBullying can happen anywhere and to anyone whether it is online or in person. It can happen at school, in your neighborhood, or while your on-line. â€Å"Bullying is when someone is being hurt by words or by actions on purpose.† â€Å"Cyberbullying is using technology - internet, email, cell phones, social media, pictures - to hurt or harm someone.† It can have a major effect on the bully and the victim both. But, bullying is not just name calling, it is also teasing, spreading rumors, leaving someone outRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children864 Words   |  4 PagesKerianna Rimmer Have you ever been bullied? Have you ever bullied someone? Bullying has become a huge issue. It is occurring all across the world. There are a few different types of bullying, which I will be discussing. First, bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among children. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential of being repeated. Both kids who bully and are bullied may have serious, lasting problems. Bullying is a form of behavior in which someone repeatedly and intentionally causesRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1990 Words   |  8 Pagesmore than 160,000 children miss school out of fear of being bullied, according to National Education Association estimates. Bullying takes many forms, ranging from the seemingly innocuous name-calling to the more harmful cyberbullying to severe physical violence. It happens everywhere, at all times to the most vulnerable of kids, especially those who are obese, gay or have a disability. And besides the physical, emotional and psychological tolls it imposes on victims, bullying produces adverse socioeconomicRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1144 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is found in elementary, middle, and high school all around the world. School bullying occurs at similar rates such as cultures, countries and educational settings. It can take many direct and indirect forms, like physical violence, name calling, taunting, teasing, horrible rumors, and social exclusion. Since the late 90’s, several school shootings committed by the victims of the school bullying have brought media attention to the issue. First, bullying depends upon imbalance of power,Read MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1072 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many non-violent ways in which a Christian should respond to any type of bullying. These can include physical bullying, social bullying, cyberbullying and many more. Bullying is the act of intentionally harming others through harassment, assault or manipulation. Source A is an example of how a student had been bullied in grade school. When they got to a bigger school called Junior High, they had less chance to interact. One day that student had come to the cafeteria where the other student

Bp Oil Spill Essay - 1507 Words

BP oil spill is ranked as the largest environmental disaster in the world history. As the oil from BP spill washes ashore, people on Gulf Coast are suffering huge damages they have never met before. The U.S. government estimates that up to 60,000 barrels of oil a day are spewing out from the damaged BP drilling rig to Gulf of Mexico. It has ruined the shoreline, killed animal and sea life, threaten the ecosystem and harmed the tourism and fishing in Louisiana. After the spilling happened, US government and BP has been struggling for plugging the hole deep under the water which is known as Top-kill, but failed. Right after the leak happened, the Obama administration has claimed that BP alone has to take the whole responsibility of the oil†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The production manager should control the manufacturing processes so as to eliminate any defective items, identify any weakness that become apparent during production.†(Manuel 2006). BP failed to follow sa fety regulations as a matter of fact. Right after the spill happened, BP’s diplomat has claimed that there was no one to blame, even the people who worked in the pipe line, their jobs were normally done. If you look for mistakes, you will find some. It was just a freak accident that was not expected from the situation. However, as the investigation went further, more and more evidence has been shown that it was not an accident but negligence. They didn’t do proper testing, for example, BP halted tests on the well lining five days before the explosion and kept oilfield testing firm Schlumberger on standby, according to NOLA. It had no plans to conduct a cement bond log test, which uses Sonics to identify weaknesses in the cement, known as a gold standard test. Also, Oil rig worker Mike Mason told Huffington Post he observed cheating on blowout preventer tests at least 100 times, including on wells owned by BP. In many cases, Mason says, BP employees were present while s ubcontractors faked the tests. Obviously, the systems failed and failed badly. BP violated the duty of exercising adequate quality controls over high-tech materials which caused the leaking happened. In addition, BP continually disregards safety and morality for profits. They areShow MoreRelatedBp Oil Spill1198 Words   |  5 PagesBP Oil Spill Chait, J, (2010). Dear Leader. New Republic, 241(10), 2-2. Retrieve June 21, 2010, from Academic Search Premier. This article discusses the present oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The president’s has not changed the Minerals Management Service. In reality, the federal government has no agency tasked with capping undersea oil leaks. All the necessary equipment, along with the expertise for operating it, resides with the private sector. BP will likely bear the full cost of the spill;Read MoreThe Bp Oil Spill Crisis1879 Words   |  8 Pagesuse British Petroleum’s (BP) Oil Spill in the Gulf Coast during 2010. The BP Oil Spill was a crisis and the BP company responded to the event with socially responsible leadership style. We ultimately chose it because it was interesting. When it came to research, we all tried to find different articles on our own to get some general knowledge on the spill. On the first day, we tried to compare our findings to make sure everyone had a basic understanding of the BP Oil Spill. Then, we all did our researchRead MoreThe Spill Of The Bp Oil Spill1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe BP oil spill was one of the worst oil spills to ever happen in the US. There are many factors that caused this horrible spill to happen; to be exact there were eight failures of the oilrig that caused this disaster. The first failure was the cement at the bottom of the borehole was not sealed properly. This caused the oil and gas to start leaking into the pipe leading to the surface of the rig. The second failure was that the valve leading to the surface was sealed improperly with cement. InRead MoreBp Oil Spill1094 Words   |  5 Pagescompetitive) segments do you think BP considered or didn’t consider prior to their drilling of the Gulf Coa st? What should the wedding business owners now consider in their external environment? BP decided to drill in the Gulf Coast mostly because of the oil availability and competition. Opportunity was definitely considered by BP. The North Sea was saturated with other oil companies and BP saw an opportunity in the Gulf of Mexico (Pour, 2011). The segment that BP did not do well is the environmentalRead MoreBp Oil Spill Disaster2255 Words   |  10 PagesBP Oil Spill Public Relations Response Introduction BP Oil Spill which is also known as Gulf of Mexico and Deepwater Horizon oil spill is the largest marine oil spill throughout the history which was caused by an explosion on offshore oil platform namely Deepwater Horizon on 20th April, 2010 located at the Mississippi River delta. British Petroleum (BP) was the principal developer of Macondo Prospects oil field where the accident held. The accident occurred when they were closing the oil wellRead MoreBp Oil Spill1883 Words   |  8 PagesGeography 29 February 2012 BP Oil Spill Oil rigs provide the world with the fuel that is needed to keep it running. However, it is common knowledge that they may potentially cause harm to not only living creatures but also the environment they rely on to survive. This was proven in the spring of 2010 when an oil rig off the Gulf of Mexico exploded and resulted in an oil spill. This catastrophic event opened millions of eyes to the errors that can be found in the way oil rigs are set up. It alsoRead MoreBP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 905 Words   |  4 PagesCASE STUDY- MINI CASE: BP GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL CASE SUMMARY 1. In a narrative format, summarize the key facts and issues of the case. In the case of the BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill, we examine the effects of an organization not being prepared for this particular crisis. The world scrutinized the actions, inactions, and the human decisions made by BP that led to a major catastrophic crisis. The organization was not prepared for a crisis of this magnitude. Our text stated that this type of negligenceRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Bp Oil Spill1558 Words   |  7 PagesArgumentative Essay: The BP Oil Spill Phillip Staton PHI 445 Personal Organizational Ethics Prof. Gloria Zuniga y Postigo February 29, 2016 Argumentative Essay: The BP Oil Spill Introduction In 2010, BP’s Deepwater Horizon rig exploded, causing millions of barrels of crude oil to be leaked out into the Gulf of Mexico. The extensive oil spill created a lot of pollution and far-reaching effects on the tourism industry. The resultant damage to marine wildlife such as fish will continue to be feltRead MoreBp Oil Spill Case Study1237 Words   |  5 PagesBP Oil Spill Case Study Brooke Campbell Lander University ere several factors that contributed to the accident: †¢ Valve Failure: The pipe was sealed in two different ways. The pipe was filled with cement and it also had two different valves to stop the flow of gas and oil. All of the valves did not operate correctly, causing the oil and gas to go up through the pipe and head towards the surface. †¢ Leak was spotted too late: The crew at the surface should have been able to see or detect thatRead MoreBp Oil Spill On The Gulf Of Mexico1249 Words   |  5 PagesBrittneigh Campbell POS 303 BP Oil Spill Survey Research Question How did the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 affect our economy and environment, and what does the future hold, with regard to the environment, oil drilling, and sustainability? Introduction For the best range of participants and the east of analyzation, I chose to conduct an electronic survey. I posted the survey (publically) on Facebook. This allowed people from all over the country, from almost all sections of social-economic

Accounting Theory and Current Issues Pertaining Scenario

Question: Describe about the Accounting Theory and Current Issues for Pertaining Scenario. Answer: Introduction The current study elucidates on accounting theories and current issues pertaining to recent scenario. Case study is presented for the company named as Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited (Weil, Schipper and Francis 2013). This particular company is an Australian Bio-research Business Corporations and get listed in ASX (Australian Stock Exchange). Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited believes in conducting research and development activities in order to utilize bacteria for fish production. Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited undertakes business operations and spends money for research and development. It involves bringing sustainability of aqua culture for more than 2 decades. The current segment illustrates on concept for understanding nature of entire community. This explains characteristics by implementing appropriate research actions for the company named as Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited (Warren, Reeve and Duchac 2013). Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited is an Australian based bio-research firm that majorly focus on identifying issues at preliminary phases. In this particular phase, research and development is necessary for Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited (Reimers 2014). Concepts should be unique in nature so that it can concentrate of implementation of given accounting theories. Further, it is important to understand the fact that concepts like fair market value relate with patents references. It gives rise to certain assumptions as well as financial estimations that needs proper attention as far as possible (Porter, Simon. and Hatherly 2014). It requires defining the accounting procedures for recording transactions in relation with associated research and development activities for the company, Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. It requires complete understanding on the validation of financial statement in relation with patents as portrayed by bioresearch firm named as Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited (Needles, Powers and Crosson 2013). Nature and value to community ofresearch activities undertaken by BSF Limited There are certain accounting principles and process of accounting required for conducting research and development in successful way. This particular concept is issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants and Australian Society of Accountants. This particular attributes aims in bringing innovative change within the nature and degree of validation in the entire business community (Munteanu and Berechet 2014). It is necessary to take into consideration activities like undertaking research actions for sustainable aqua culture feeds. It can be assumed that conducting research and development helps Business Corporation attainment of future goals and objectives. AASB 13 states nature and features on given research and development activities on conglomerate for the bio-research firms like Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. AASB 1011 explains calculation for the process cost accruals in alignment with estimation of research and development (Jiang and Penman 2013). Assessing performance is impor tant for the bio-research firms named as Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. AASB 138 reveals the fact regarding obligations for explaining facts on research and development activities for future analysis purpose (Horngren, et al. 2013). These accounting standard aims at regulating for the total amount of expenses in alignment with research activities on specified time. Expenditures are mainly incurred after considering the given accounting standard for analysis in the near future. AAS 13 explains the assumptions made for market research in establishing existence for enabling maximum capacity. It is important to consider the fact that at the initiation stages, there is diverse market condition attributes relating with industrial production. Rules and procedures need to be followed for bringing process development activities that aligns with accurate development attributes. It helps at the time of conducting research for the bio-research firm named as Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. It illustrates major features depending upon cost acquisition in case of future deferral activities. In according to the Accounting Standard (AASB 13), it explains major characteristics for researching purpose in the most appropriate way. It need to be classified into two types of research namely basic research and applied research. Research and Development team of Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited should take into consideration both the types of research depending upon the nature and requirements (Eilifsen et al. 2013). Basic Research reveals the aspects on original examination for referring keeping the augmentation process possessing required knowledge. Applied Research reveals the fact regarding investigation attributes in viewing at the resolution process for diverse practical concerns with proper justification (Edwards et al. 2012). Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited should make used of both the types of research namely applied research and basic research. It initiates working for future research on bringing alignment of operations with required aspects of knowledge. It is necessary to give close attention to the various issues faced by Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited in the initial stages of research and development activities. Discussion about different issues with the early research done by the BSF Ltd This question discusses on the various diverse faced by Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited at the time of conducting the research and development activities. This particular bio-research firm engages its operations in conducting research and development activities for sustainable aqua culture feeds. Innovative ideas are required at each step in way of upgrading and discovering in case for sustainable aqua culture feeds (Craig, Smieliauskas and Amernic 2014). Research activities initiates creation of assumptions in generation of plant based feed as it fails at earliest period. It needs replication on attributes for research actions concerning plant based feed for solving problems as far as possible. It needs urgent transformation for revealing actions at definite rate of 10kg. It is for low valued fish with I kg of weight. In that, 1/3rd fish becomes dead afterwards. As opined by the environmentalists, they feel that diverse activities give rise to rendering high quality human goods. It ra nges from human good to luxury fish (Cooper 2016). This is considered as the process used for viewing at the low valued fish. This attributes is used for commercial production for bio sustainable aqua culture feeds in an effective way. Risk lies within underfeeding activities starting from malnutrition given to poor people. According to the Accounting Standard (IAS 38), it reveals the fact regarding research activities for generation of assets for Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. It needs proper explanation on aspects like investigation process for keeping check on failed research activities closely. It is important to consider the fact that unique knowledge helps in predicting gross benefits. It requires exceeding attributes from actions comprehension in case of acquisition costs. It should not exceed cost of acquisition based upon the given pertinent knowledge (Cohen et al. 2013). Various issues need to be recognized with the usage of Audit Risk model. This model helps in recognizing the diverse risks and further solutions faced by Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. Audit risk models involve major three attributes for making the calculations. These three key attributes are Inherent Risk as well as Detection Risk and Control Risk for getting correct figure of audit risk faced by Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited . Audit risk is determined or equal to Detection risk on multiplying with detection and control risk. In this particular case study on Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited, audit risk arrives at 0.36. This is done after multiplying with inherent risk (0.9), control risk (0.05) and detection (0.8). Evaluating risk is based on the results from audit risk model. This is treated as benchmark below 10% in case of audit process (Chychyla, Leone. and Minutti-Meza 2015). Business organization aims at contributing with attributes as pertained in audit risk for specific limits. This case initiates checking on the level of audit and potential risks faced by Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited with acceptance levels (Edwards et al. 2012). Discussion of the nature and differences between research and development From the case study of Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited, there are several actions undertaken by the company for implementation of research and development activities within specified time. There are even conditions applicable on using of accounting theories in case of solving any kind of problem feeds (Craig, Smieliauskas and Amernic 2014). Accounting principles majorly initiates and mentioned in the AAS 13 Accounting Standard. It explains the purpose for checking on actions and several associated research in case of bringing developmental activities. Some of the accounting principles brings proper course of action like implementing research actions in alignment with formulating process (Christensen, Baker and Cottrell 2014). It aims at designing attributes such as diverse feasible products as well as alternative services in the upcoming financial years. AAS 13 explains the innovative activities underlying association for bringing development of actions consisting of several process su bstitutes. Addition to that, there are some of the developmental procedures that enhances ways for designing and formulating innovation among Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. It involves pre-production samples as well as various models for future analysis purpose. This attributes initiates with formulation of using mechanism and tools in case of applying with new technological innovations. It is important to consider the fact that there are developmental activities based upon feasibility analysis in aligning for commercial production. RD activities are used as per the given accounting standard mentioned in the fourth paragraph of AAS 13 (Edwards et al. 2012). On critical analysis, it has been noticed that research process helps for assessing facts for bringing developmental activities for Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. It initiates actions that have to be assumed on behalf of definite acquisition of business attributes. Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited has some required expectations widely dependable upon scientific calculations and gaining technical expertise at the same time. It requires arranging for developing the translational process in the given course of actions feeds (Craig, Smieliauskas and Amernic 2014). It widely depends on diverse findings using products and services for future analysis purpose. Process of accounting research and development This particularly explains the process of accounting research as well as developmental activities for the bio-research company named as Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. AAS 13 explains the fact regarding rules and low in aligning with accounting activities. There are various accounting transactions for viewing at the cost of acquisition in applied research and development attributes feeds (Craig, Smieliauskas and Amernic 2014). There have been even certain stipulations mentioned widely cohesive with accounting standard for acquisition of cost on behalf of Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. Cost acquisitions depend widely for given period because of free cash flow generations for viewing at the uncertain actions. It is necessary to initiate specific cost and deferred cost for making comparisons with future costs for bringing uniformity of information. Nature and characteristics need to be explained depending widely upon the research and development actions in the upcoming financial year. Ad dition to that, process of accounting research and development consists of several potential advantages in case of viewing at the process for postponement of future course of actions. Computation of the present value (PV) for the purpose of valuation of the patent Present Value (PV) of the specific patent From the cash flow during the first yearwe can calculate the present value of the patent:- (PV of 100+PV annuity of 800) of 8%= $778,463,000 From the cash flow during the second year, we can enumerate the present value of the patent:- PV of 100 for 10 years 8% =$671,008,000 It is important to consider the fact that accounting standards explains the fair value calculations for treating research and developmental costs. It initiates the estimate values for treating assets and liabilities on purchase decisions made by Business Corporation. In the consolidated financial declarations, it is clearly mentioned regarding the operational aspects of Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. It is assumed that higher fair values reveal more initiation take by the Business Corporation in carrying out any kind of research and developmental activities. Under AASB 13, it is clearly mentioned regarding the fair values at given specific prices. It relates with sale acquisition based upon liabilities transferring activities in alignment with market participants in the upcoming financial year (Weil, Schipper and Francis 2013). Journal entries for the RD transactions from 2013 to 2016 The Journal entries for the research and development expenditures are as follows Year 2013 Dr. RD exp 260,000,000 Cr. Cash or A/P 260,000,000 Dr. Cash or A/P $500,000,000 Cr. RD exp. $100,000,000 Cr. Unearned grant revenue $400,000,000 Year 2014 Dr. RD exp. 100,000,000 Cr. Cash or A/p $ 100,000,000 Dr. Unearned grant revenue 100,000,000 Cr. Research grant revenue 100,000,000 Year 2015 RD expenses $ 100,000,000 Cr. Cash or A/p $100,000,000 Dr. Unearned grant revenue 100,000,000 Cr. Research grant revenue 100,000,000 Year 2016 RD expenses $ 60,000,000 Cr. Cash or A/p $60,000,000 Dr. Unearned grant revenue 60,000,000 Cr. Research grant revenue 60,000,000 The above journal entries are passed in order to understand the transactions and money spend by Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited on research and developmental activities (Jiang and Penman 2013). Under AASB 120, it is clearly mentioned regarding the compiling factors with government grants. It aims at enhancing knowledge in relation with understanding of profit or loss for given process of research actions. These types of government grants are given proper preference for viewing at the compensation attributes in the near future. It is therefore important gaining knowledge on several key actions as mentioned in AASB 101. It ensures viewing at the compensation elements as presented in the financial statement of Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited. Journal entries are passed starting from the year 2013 to 2016. Research and development costs are debited and cash is debited amounting to $26000000 (Christensen, Baker and Cottrell 2014). It therefore reveals the fact that BSF Limited spends money fo r conducting research and development activities. For every year, journal entries have been passed for maintaining clarity of actions in aligning with government grants. Most of the accounting firms require calculating for the unearned revenues before taking any kind of financial auditing decisions. It is the accounting process that explains the matter for rules and regulations on the government grants that has been credited at the same. Spending money on Research and Development activities helps in gaining facts on current market condition and takes corrective actions in the upcoming financial year (Weil, Schipper and Francis 2013). This particular question requires gaining clear understanding on the prospectus based upon the research conducted for the bioresearch firm named as Bio-Sustainable Firms Limited. Business entity should be able to handle the future economic attributes in respect with intangible assets. It involves internal control in case of intangible assets in generating analysis with economic attributes (Christensen, Baker and Cottrell 2014). Addition to that, it enhances diverse knowledge on given intangible assets on legal authorities enforceable by law. It is necessary in having technical and marketing expertise regarding the products offered by the company for bringing change in the operations in the most appropriate way. Researchers need to maintain confidential of information and should act ethically in carrying out the business operations in desired way (Jiang and Penman 2013). As far as intangible assets are concerned, it requires acquisition of intangible assets for the company in respect with research and development costs. In case of legal authorities, it needs special treatment for intangible assets like patents for BSF Limited. It takes into consideration business entity for skills identification as well as competing with staff members for future economic benefits generation in an overall manner. It is therefore important to consider the fact regarding the procedures and rules for any of the alternative ways for keeping check over the control activities especially for intangible assets (Weil, Schipper and Francis 2013). Cooper (2016) states that research needs to be beneficial as it help in keeping accurate tracks on matter relating to customer expectations With the advancement of technology, this particular company under study employs bacteria feed technology used for the manufacturing process in case of bringing business sustainability in the upcoming future. Bacteria feed technology provides help at the time of manufacturing process for fish feeds extracted from wood chips involving sugarcane residual. Bio-Sustainable Feeds Limited believes in meeting the needs as well as expectations of the customers. It requires making innovative ways for generation of revenue in the near future. It requires acquisition of exclusive rights and patent rights. These are some of the techniques used and adopted by the bioresearch firms in bringing changes as far as possible. It requires acquisition of exclusive rights as well as patent rights control so that there is no misuse of information by the competitors (Zef f 2016). This will help BSF Limited sustain in the global marketplace. This particular company needs further improvement in solving the issues relating to operational aspects in the upcoming financial year (Jiang and Penman 2013). Reference List Christensen, T.E., Baker, R.E. and Cottrell, D.M., 2014. Advanced Financial Accounting. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chychyla, R., Leone, A.J. and Minutti-Meza, M., 2015. Financial Reporting Complexity and Accounting Expertise. Cohen, J.R., Krishnamoorthy, G., Peytcheva, M. and Wright, A.M., 2013. How does the strength of the financial regulatory regime influence auditors' judgments to constrain aggressive reporting in a principles-based versus rules-based accounting environment?. Accounting Horizons, 27(3), pp.579-601. Cooper, S., 2016. Faculty Review of Accounting Principles: A Business Perspective. Craig, R., Smieliauskas, W. and Amernic, J., 2014. Assessing Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Using Expert Accounting Witness Evidence and the Conceptual Framework. Australian Accounting Review, 24(3), pp.200-206. Edwards, J.D., Hermanson, R.H., Ivancevich, S.D. and Pearlman, S., 2013. Accounting Principles: A Business Perspective. Global Text. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013. Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013. Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Jiang, G. and Penman, S., 2013. A fundamentalist perspective on accounting and implications for accounting research. China Journal of Accounting Research, 6(4), pp.233-245. Munteanu, V. and Berechet, M., 2014. Paradigms of the Concepts and Principles Substantiating the Elaboration and Presentation of the Financial Reporting Situations. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(4), pp.72-78. Needles, B.E., Powers, M. and Crosson, S.V., 2013. Principles of accounting. Cengage Learning. Porter, B., Simon, J. and Hatherly, D., 2014. Principles of external auditing. John Wiley Sons. Reimers, J.L., 2014. Financial Accounting: Business Process Approach. Pearson Higher Ed. Warren, C.S., Reeve, J.M. and Duchac, J., 2013. Financial managerial accounting. Cengage Learning. Weil, R.L., Schipper, K. and Francis, J., 2013. Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning. Zeff, S.A., 2016. Forging accounting principles in five countries: A history and an analysis of trends. Routledge.

alternative education Essay Example For Students

alternative education Essay CHARTER SCHOOLSCharter School Since President Clinton signed into law, H. R. 2616, the Charter School Expansion Act of 1998 charter schools have been providing an alternative for parents of public school students (Lin, Q., 2001, p.2). To date, charter schools enroll over 500,000 students (Fusarelli, 2002, p. 1). Charter schools have been favorable because it is believed that they can provide for a way to enhance student achievement by serving students who have been under-served by the public schools (Fusarelli, 2002). There is a belief that by creating a competitive educational system, public schools will undergo significant reforms in response to the threat (Franklin, 2002). Because parents of charter school students have made the choice for their children to attend a charter school, it is believed that parents will become more involved in their childs education (Hammer, 2003). Charter schools in many states are exempt from many state mandates (Fusarelli, 2002, p. 2). As a result of these exemptions, charter schools also have more flexibility for the administrators when hiring teachers and running a school. They are able to provide higher salaries for teachers working in hard to fill teaching positions (Finn, Kanstoroom, 2002). On the flip side of the issue, charter schools have been destined to fail due to the lack of funding and their limited resources resulting from poor planning. Charter schools are often believed to be operated by self appointed leaders accused of lacking adequate skills to establish quality charter schools (Self, 2002). Because of their newness to the educational arena, little is known about their long-term effectiveness (Lubienski, 2003). Charter schools are independent public schools of choice. Finn (1996) writes that researchers find that the best charter schools have near total independence to decide what and how to teach, whom to hire and how to use their resources, hours of operation, and how best to meet students needs. One would assume that many charter schools are enjoying the flexibility and success of operating a school of choice. However, charters are also held accountable in a way that regular public schools are not. When a charter school experiences severe troubles, it usually faces severe consequences. To date, more than 200 failed or failing charter schools have been closed on fiscal, educational, and organizational grounds. In terms of curriculum and assessment practices in charter schools, deMarrais ; LeCompte (1999) state that charter schools may focus on a particular approach, theme, or curriculum such as schools for outdoor experiences, music and the arts, and science and mathematics. However, char ters, like their public school counterparts, are highly accountable for improving students performance levels. Many charter schools are subjected to the statewide assessment programs to the same extent as other public schools. According to the Texas Education Agency Division of Charter Schools web page (2003), open enrollment charter schools are subject to some, but not all, of the curriculum requirements that apply to independent school districts. For example, their educational programs must include the curriculum required by Texas Education Code section 28.002; implement reading diagnosis and accelerated reading instruction programs as required by Texas Education Code section 28.002; and adhere to the graduation standards of Texas Education Code section 28.025. Many states differ in following such guidelines. Henry (1997), reports that nearly half of parents, who said their children performed poorly in their previous schools, now say the students are doing excellent or above avera ge work in their charter schools. In Massachusetts, the test scores of charter schools on the Spring 2002 state test showed, according to the Boston Herald, a greater number of improved scores with more and more of the charters scores higher than their home districts. Investigators tracking such scores acknowledge that these findings may be due to the fact that charters are attracting students who were already low achieving, a suspicion supported by other studies that find charter students to be relatively disadvantaged (Manno, 2003). An important question remains- Are charter schools meeting their main purpose of improving student learning and achievement? According to a report by the National Education Association of New York (2003), it is impossible to tell. In some Charter Schools, the pace of improvement on the fourth-grade English Language Arts and Math tests has been rapid and impressive, in others; student progress is coming in fits and starts. A few Charters appear to be v ery weak, calling into question the educational approach of the charter school. Charter schools that, at this point, appear to be on the right track deserve credit for their achievement. Nothing is more important than holding students to high academic standards and improving achievement. Real, measurable gains in student performance are to be applauded, whether they occur in experimental charter schools or in more traditional public schools. .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 , .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 .postImageUrl , .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 , .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507:hover , .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507:visited , .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507:active { border:0!important; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507:active , .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507 .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u71a080bf89a15cdc5fa20dd3c9e7e507:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Women In Math Essay ThesisIn many states funding is based on enrollment. Loss of students to charter school account for loss of state subsidies. To avoid this problem many other states have included a hold harmless program that protects districts from budgetary losses owning to enrollment from competition (Rofes, 1998: Schmeider et al., 2000) as stated in Hess, Maranto, and Milliman (Winter, 2001). Some districts are losing over 50 percent of their state funding per pupil who transfer from public schools. In Arizona, district schools have lost state funding equivalent to 57% per pupil for every student who has transferred from the district to charter schools. This is a maj or concern, especially considering the other major cuts the government has imposed on the schools. Maranto (Wint 2001) states that because of this public schools are in competition with charter schools. In conclusion, many frustrated teachers, parents, and other stakeholders believe that government is not in a position to provide solutions to improve education because the traditional government structures and mandates are, they believe, a large part of the problem (Chubb Moe, 1990). A real solution, they offer, is to reinvent the system by which we provide and run public education; a reinvented system of choice, flexibility, and accountability that includes the creation of charter schools. Communities are invited to create new public schools with high levels of autonomy to be innovative in ways that may or may not embrace traditional educational structures. These schools are invited to take new and uncharted paths, but also are held responsible for ensuring that these paths lead to educational success for students.

Peeping Tom The Shame of Being a Voyeur

Construction Projects Success Factors

Construction Projects Success Factors Title Construction projects succeed as a result of interaction and interplay of factors such as understanding of client complexity, emergent requirements, and perceptions of different stakeholders in the construction industry.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Construction Projects Success Factors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Background Construction projects are regarded to be either ‘successful’ or ‘failed’ differently by different stakeholders in the construction industry. Perceptions among the key stakeholders in the industry, mostly the practitioners and the clients, continue to differ, a fact that affects many construction projects. For instance, projects that have been considered failed by the practitioners have received positive response from clients where such projects are seen to be success by the clients (Thomson 2011). This difference in perception has been captured in one major research work in the industry carried out by Derek Thomson who found out that construction practitioners tend to view a project to be successful when such project has the ability to meet the client’s requirements, largely formulated and outlined during the commencement of a project (Thomson 2011). As a result, such projects lack stakeholders’ contribution and enrichment of the initial outlined requirements as the project progress, a situation that leads to many clients viewing such projects as failed (Rowlinson and Cheung 2008 cited in Thomson 2011). What construction practitioners fail to understand or internalize by adopting this approach is that, by ignoring client dialogue, there is little under-utilization and appreciation of constructive and potential emerging solutions largely developed from the client’s socially constructed perception of the improved understanding of construction requirements. On overall, the construction industry heavily relies on performance goals and metrics formulated as the project takes off (Chan 2003). However, in the modern world where there is increasing growth of stakeholders in the construction industry, there is rise of clash of perception, as the theory of social construct would postulate.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is need to recognize that the emerging and increasing client judgments regarding the success or failure of construction projects is heavily impacting the construction industry and it cannot be ignored. As a result, in the recent times there have been suggestions that construction practitioners need to change their long time perception on the success of projects and in turn incorporate the views of multiple stakeholders in the industry, specifically the views of the clients. This is not only important but necessary given that identifying and appreciati ng client awareness of projects improves as projects progress. Given the above understanding this research will investigate the issue of changing perception of key stakeholders in the construction industry and how and how such perception change impact the construction projects. Objectives of the research will premise on the need for the construction practitioners to identify new project success goals apart from the initials ones; formalized time cost and performance goals. Also, there will be effort to study and explain why the construction practitioners need to recognize the client awareness of requirements as past research work indicate that such requirements improves as projects progress (Thomson 2011). Further, there will be need to show that existence of internal conflict involving multiple client stakeholders should form the basis upon which construction practitioners are able to identify ad implement emerging project solutions that fulfills clients needs requirements. Purpose statement It has been identified that in the construction industry specifically for the construction practitioners, there has been huge reliance on performance metrics that initially are fixed during the onset of the project (Saqib, Farooqui, and Lodi 2008). As a result, there exists misunderstanding or divergent perception between the construction practitioners and the multiple key stakeholders. Divergence in perception particularly arise from the fact that, majority of clients in construction industry consider a project that is perceived to have failed by practitioners in terms of formalized time, cost and performance goals as success if such project is able to satisfy emergent requirements that were not understood during the initial briefing (Chan 2003).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Construction Projects Success Factors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Arising from this scenario is the fact that many pra ctitioners have failed or have ignored to recognize that client awareness of requirements improves as work on construction projects goes on. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to employ both primary and secondary research tools in investigating how the understanding of client complexity, emergent requirements, and perceptions of different stakeholders by construction practitioners can result in the success of a construction project. By understanding client complexity, emergent requirements, and perceptions of different stakeholders in the construction industry, this research will be proposing some of the policy requirements that can be adopted in the construction industry. It is anticipated that the policy proposals will adequately capture the need requirements of client stakeholders while at the same time inform and equip construction practitioners with the necessary knowledge of the emerging changes in the construction industry. Research Questions Research questions arise from the purpose and aim of the research paper as outlined and explained above. Therefore, below are research questions that will guide this research paper. How do construction practitioners regard a project to be success or failure? How do client stakeholders perceive a project to be successful or failed? How adequate can internal conflict among client stakeholders and their reflection on projects help construction practitioners develop solutions that fulfill clients’ needs? How appropriate is factors such as understanding client complexity, emergent requirements and perceptions help in project success? Literature Review It has become apparent that defining project success in construction industry is posing problems to many people (Saqib, Farooqui, and Lodi, 2008). Numerous views in form of probable definitions have been provided by various researchers of what project success constitute. For instance, in a research carried out by Lim and Mohamed in 1999, it was identified that construction success is linked to customer stakeholders (cited in Thomson 2011). According to this view, construction success in terms of customer stakeholder’s perspective is premised in macro evaluation of the building’s social acceptance together with the performance.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On their part, practitioner’s view of project success is captured through micro evaluation of key aspects of functional, physical, or sometimes financial objectives (Thomson 2011). Given these divergent perception and definition of project success, it should not be forgotten that in both scenarios of defining success by both stakeholders, success is defined with regard to project’s fulfillment of acceptable criteria. The above perspectives of defining or explaining project success within the construction industry have been regarded to exhibit shortcomings manifested with lack of explicit and measurable quality criteria and due to lack of objective and universal quality standards (Dewulf and Van Meel 2004 cited in Thomson 2011). Another researcher, Nicholas (2004) suggested through field research that the traditional definition of project success in construction industry is limited since it only defines project success in terms of budget, schedule, and performance metri cs (Chan 2003; Arslan and Kivrak 2008). This definition ignores or bypasses the client stakeholder’s needs that are largely manifested in attitudes, practices, and structures. More perspectives on the definition of project success have been explored by other numerous researchers. Bryde and Robinson (2005) suggested that definition of project success should dwell much on tangible and cost success factors instead of other factors (cited in Thomson 2011). At the same time, the researchers noted that this kind of definition should further be ingrained in defining project success by focusing more on satisfying the procuring stakeholder. This definition was acknowledged and enriched by Murphy in 1974 where through research; it was noted that project success should be built on client satisfaction (cited in Thomson 2011). Moreover, clients appear satisfied when a project manifests characteristics of good coordination of collaborators, avoidance of initial over-optimism and clarity of success factors (Thomson 2011). On his part, Alvesson et al. (2009) captured the issue of client pluralistic by suggesting that clients are pluralistic, that is to say, clients are â€Å"more or less heterogeneous assemblages of actors interests and inclinations whose identity must be constructed so that stakeholders can be identified by solution providers† (cited in Thomson 2011, p.70). Given this position, it has become clear that solving client complexity is transferable specifically when client ambiguity and complexity s identified. Nevertheless, other researchers have concluded that there is lack of general consensus as to what exactly can constitute project success in construction industry (Shenhar and Dvir 2001 cited in Thomson 2011). Rodriguez-Repiso et al. (2007) went ahead with research work to observe that emergent views in construction projects should surpass formal goals guiding the project (cited in Thomson 2011). Overall lesson arising from the findings of the research work by the various researchers is that the success of construction projects is likely not to be realized if projects put more focus on performance and little directed towards people issues. This can particularly be borrowed from the business perspective of defining project success where success is perceived to depend on the ability of actors to modify goals during the life-time of projects instead of sticking to the onset project goals (Arslan and Kivrak 2008; Thomson 2011). As a fact project success in construction industry need to fulfill customer satisfaction, which in turn need to be evaluated largely by stakeholders’ value judgment. Such value judgment emanates from stakeholders’ values, experience, expectations, and not success factor targets (Thomson 2011). Methodology The purpose of this research project is to investigate and study how the understanding of client complexity, emergent requirements, and perceptions of different stakeholders by construc tion practitioners can result in the success of construction projects. This section will explain the research methodology that will be utilized. The methodology for this research project was chosen in correlation with the research questions and purpose of the research (Strauss and Corbin 1998). Target population for the study includes client stakeholders and practitioner stakeholders that are actively involved in construction industry. Active involvement is defined as the stakeholders who are involved in construction projects and who are impacted by the results of the projects (Babbie 2010). However, the working population for this research project includes those stakeholders from the target population that are prepared to participate in the questionnaire process (Babbie 2010). Data collection Data will be collected from both primary and secondary sources, in the case of the primary data questionnaires will be formulated whereby they will be distributed among the target population. Secondary data will be collected from available researches done by various scholars in the topic as literature reviews. Research design The research methodology for the proposed research includes a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis: the quantitative section will involve the analysis of the responses obtained from the questionnaire surveys and the qualitative section will be based on a critical analysis of the responses obtained from the direct interviews. Sampling processes suggests that probability sampling is appropriate for the next step of the research (Babbie 2010). The sampling methodology includes a multistage sampling process that uses a stratified random sample of the firms’ identified in the working population during the research. The use of random sampling is important to avoid bias in the selection process. The qualitative information obtained from the interview will be organized on a nominal scale and the respondents will be required to rate th e extent of what project success or failure is within the construction industry. Moreover, the questionnaires will include an interval scale in an attempt to make the analysis more precise and the respondents will be required to choose between the categories included in the interval scale. Data Analysis Data will be analyzed using Microsoft Excel, 2010 version. Various pivot tables will be used for cross tabulation and other statistical data will be accomplished using different Function tools within Excel. Conclusion Construction industry is expanding at a faster rate (Arslan and Kivrak 2008) and success in any construction project can no longer be defined from the practitioners’ stand of view. To avoid conflicts from arising in the definition and perception of key stakeholders as to what constitute project success, there is need to carry out an informed and deep research as to what comprise project from the practitioners and clients stand point of view. In this way this rese arch project will employ both quantitative and qualitative research tools in investigating and studying how the understanding of client complexity, emergent requirements and perceptions of different stakeholders results in project success in the construction industry. Given that scant research work exist in this area this particular research will be instrumental in formulation and implementation of key policies n the industry to realize flu satisfaction of clients needs. Mind Map for construction project proposal Reference List Arslan, G. and Kivrak, S., 2008. Critical factors to company success in the construction industry. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. Web. Available from: waset.org/journals/waset/v45/v45-9.pdf . Babbie, E. R., 2010. The Practice of Social Research. OH: Cengage Learning. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=QySynvetGQICpg=PA199dq=study+populationhl=enei=1OsyTu_DIs6w8QPdnMihDgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCsQ6AE wAA#v=onepageq=study%20populationf=false . Chan, A.P., 2003. ‘Framework for measuring success of construction projects’. School of Construction Management and Property, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Web. Available from: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/26531/1/2001-003-C-01_Framework_for_Measuring_Success.pdf . Saqib, M., Farooqui RU., and Lodi, SH., 2008. ‘Assessment of critical success factors for construction projects in Pakistan’. Research Paper presented at the First International Conference on Construction in Developing Countries, Karachi, Pakistan. Web. Available from: neduet.edu.pk/ICCIDC-I/Conference%20Proceedings/Papers/041.pdf . Strauss, AL and Corbin, JM., 1998. Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. NY: SAGE. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=wTwYUnHYsmMCprintsec=frontcoverdq=qualitative+research+techniqueshl=enei=PPoyTtDgKY_C8QOh0_WgDgsa=Xoi=book_resul tct=resultresnum=2sqi=2ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=false . Thomson, D., 2011. A pilot study of client complexity, emergent requirements and stakeholder perceptions of project success. Journal of Construction Management and Economics, Vol.29, No.1, pp.69-82. [Attached notes].