Discussion Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Research Methods - Essay Example Through learning, a person acquires new knowledge form another person who is knowledgeable in that particular field. This will also help the learner to be capable of performing various tasks especially at work. On the other hand, development is also concerned with improving the skills of people so that they can improve their performance at work. An experienced person can develop the junior employees in the organization so that they can effectively execute their tasks. Both training and development are specifically meant to improve the knowledge and skills of the employees so that they can improve their performance in the organization. This is meant to improve productivity in the organization since all the people involved would be better positioned to know what would be expected of them. In some cases, employees can undergo short courses outside the company where they are trained about certain aspects of their profession. This is usually done through workshops or seminars where the participants are taught new things that can be used to improve their performance. The participants are usually divided into small groups and they share their knowledge about different aspects that would be the focus of training. After different plenary sessions, the trainees will give feedback and this information will be used to generate new knowledge that can be utilised to improve the effectiveness of the people involved. Basically, training and development are more concerned with generating new knowledge that can be used to improve the performance of the employees in the organization. Development also helps to improve the skills of the employees so that they can also improve productivity in the

Jose Rizal Essay Example for Free

Jose Rizal Essay It is common knowledge that Dr. Jose Rizal is the Philippine National Hero who chose to fight the battle with his quills, paved the way for our independence and died doing so. However, it has always been fascinating to learn things that weren’t discussed on classrooms and lectures, to divulge facts that make a famous character seem like just the rest of us. So here are 10 fun facts that most Filipinos might not know about Rizal. 1.Jose â€Å"Pepe† Rizal was bullied as a kid. As a kid. Rizal was too small for his age and made him a target of Pedro’s bullying, insulting Pepe in front of the other students at the school of Maestro Justiniano Cruz. Equipped with his Uncle Miguel’s teachings about the art of wrestling, Rizal challenged Pedro to a fistfight. Rizal won and became popular as he proved himself a worthy opponent. 2.Jose Rizal wrote his first poem at the age of 8. Entitled â€Å"Sa Aking Mga Kababata† [To My Fellow Youth]. And it depicts one’s fervent love for his native language and asking his own generation to embrace it like we all should. 3.Rizal was a Hyperpolyglot. He mastered 22 languages: Filipino, Ilokano, Bisayan, Subanon, Latin, Spanish, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Malay, Sanskrit, Hebrew, Dutch, Catalan, Japanese, Italian, Chinese, Portugese, Swedish and Russian. 4.Rizal was addressed by his European lover as the â€Å"little bad boy†. It is not a secret that Jose Rizal had his way with women. And on the series of letters that were discovered to be love messages for Rizal, a Belgian woman named Suzanne wrote : â€Å"There will never be any home in which you are so loved as that in Brussels. So, you little bad boy, hurry back.† Now, who can resist giggling on this information? 5.He was accepted as one of the few Renaissance man in the world. A man who had broad intellectual interest. He was an anthropologist, ethnologist, ophthalmologist, novelist, sociologist, educator, economist, architect, engineer, sculptor, painter, playwright, historian, journalist, farmer, dramatist, martial artist, and a cartographer, among other things. 6.Rizal liked playing the lottery. And he won one-third of the grand prize of Php 18,000.00 with ticket number 9736. He gave a portion to his father, a friend in Hong Kong and he spent the rest buying agricultural lands in Talisay. 7.Rizal jovially pinched his students who can’t answer his queries. During his exile in Dapitan, he was able to establish a school, he had 21 pupils who were never asked to pay for tuition but was required by Rizal to work for the community. 8.Rizal is believed to be the reincarnation of Jesus Christ. There is a religious sect in Calamba Laguna, â€Å"Rizalista†, used to be known as â€Å"Iglesia ng Watawat ng Lahi† [Banner of the Race Church]. They combine religion and patriotism and believe that the execution in Bagumbayan was just a phase that he had to endure to be in the presence of God. They also believe that Rizal is still alive and lives deep in the forest of Mount Makiling. 9.Rizal was rumored to be the father of Adolf Hitler. Because of his famed reputation as a Casanova, it was believed that he was involved with a beautiful woman living somewhere in the border of Germany and Austria. Funny how Filipino imagination wanders. 10.Moments before his death, Rizal was reported to remain in a tranquil state. Before his execution, Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took his vital signs and was surprised to confirm that his pulse rate was normal. Rizal was indeed ready and unafraid of his fate.

My Decision :: Essays Papers

My Decision As the three o'clock bell rang, a sense of excitement filled the air. I ran with my friends through the cluttered hallways and scurried onto the bus. The seats were filled with bouncing children preparing to go home. Many waved to their teachers as the buses departed. I had anticipated this moment for so long--I was officially a second grader. The last day of first grade had arrived, and I had the remainder of summer to enjoy and have fun. I couldn't wait to get home and begin my vacation. The bus finally rolled quietly around a corner and stopped at my house--the last stop. My mother was standing at the door waiting for me. She smiled and causally took my bag. I didn't even have to ask for permission to go to a friends house, my mom simply said to be home by dark. I walked only a short distance to where my friend, Maggie, was waiting. It seemed odd that we were such good friends. She was pretty and popular, and I was simple and somewhat shy. The differences however made a perfect match. The times of fun and laughter between us were countless. A majority of my summer was guaranteed to be spent running around with this close friend. Soon, however, darkness was drawing in, and I reluctantly said good-bye to my friend and headed for home. The porch light was the first thing I could see of my house. The light was such a brilliant white. I loved how it illuminated its surroundings. A sense of security overwhelmed me when I saw this light, for my mother always turned it on until I had safely returned home. I walked up the steps to the front door. When I stepped inside, I was bombarded with the wonderful aroma of a home-made meal. I could see my mother working in the kitchen. She looked up from her masterpiece and welcomed me home. "Did you have fun?" "Of course", I replied. "We made a lot of plans for the summer." "That's good." "Don't you want to know what we're going to do?" "Not really, I feel that you are old enough to make good judgments. As long as you use your head, are reasonable, and are being safe, I don't mind what you do." I looked at my mother with a blank stare for a moment. I was totally confused. "Do you mean that I can do anything that I want to?

Essay --

A more interesting topic of recent times is a new social reform known as Transcendentalism, a movement that is focused on thinking and making decisions based on intuition. Transcendentalists, people who follow the movement, are renowned for having a strong connection with life and nature. They think that humans in modern times rely too much on one another for advice and opinions. The idea of Transcendentalism is that by understanding lessons in nature, one can be closer to God both spiritually, and mentally (LibertyEnglish). According to Ralph Waldo Emerson, a prominent figure of this new movement, he writes, â€Å"Why should not we have a poetry and philosophy of insight and not of tradition, and a religion by revelation to us, and not the history of theirs?† (Age-of-the-Sage) Many people and religions have contributed to the growth of Transcendentalism over the past couple of decades. Fellow Transcendentalists view transcendentalism not as a religion, but a way of life (USh istory.org). Transcendentalism is said to have been influenced by Romanticism (Bingham 19), which originated in ...

Use Source A and your knowledge of the period to explain why people supported Roosevelt in the 1932 election

By 1932 unemployment in the USA had reached 13 million and was rising rapidly. The poor were without food and eating in soup kitchens. The depression was causing public disorder and when a group of 22,000 First World War veterans (The Bonus Army) marched to Washington because, like many other people, these veterans were poor and demanded to be given an immediate bonus which the government had promised to give them in 1945, tanks were sent in to disperse them. People were shocked by the violence and critical of the government's response. The Republicans, lead by President Hoover did not believe in interfering in business to promote prosperity, he claimed that it was the government's job to encourage rather than to spend. As a result he refused to set up relief programmes to help the unemployed and he argued that it was up to the individuals to turn around the economy. The people were unhappy as they had been promised ‘the final triumph over poverty' in 1928, but the Republicans had been unable to offer any solution to the collapse of the economy. Roosevelt was a good campaigner showing himself to be cheerful, optimistic and caring, whereas Hoover was plodding, drab and defeated throughout the election campaign. The speech in Source A is in terms of waging war on poverty, Roosevelt talks of a ‘call to arms', a ‘crusade' and ‘waging war'. This is very active and energetic in contrast to Hoover's defensiveness. The people had been hurt by poverty and were being given a chance to fight back by voting for the Democrats. Roosevelt appeals to patriotism in his ‘crusade to restore America' and gives hope when using the word ‘restore' that prosperity can return. The phrasing ‘Destruction, Delay, Deceit and Despair' is full of energy and shows that Roosevelt means business. People supported Roosevelt in the 1932 election because they were disillusioned with Hoover who had been unable to bring them out of the depression and because Roosevelt was positive, forceful and able to give hope. A ‘New Deal' appealed to them because the old deal had failed and they were being called to take action against poverty along with their government as Roosevelt says ‘Give me your help†¦ to win in this crusade'

Preventing Aboriginal Suicide essays

Preventing Aboriginal Suicide essays DOES A SHIFT IN THE DOMINANT SCHOOLING PARADIGM email: lloyd_ryan@nf.sympatico.ca It is with growing alarm, concern and compassion that we witness the continuing (and growing?) high rate of suicide in Canadas Aboriginal community. This phenomenon has numerous far-reaching and negative implications and, up to the present, few satisfactory explanations and fewer proposed solutions. It is, thus, imperative that aspects of contemporary Aboriginal personal and community living that have not yet come under sufficient scrutiny be examined and analyzed, not for anthropological or abstract sociological purposes, but for intensely personal and life purposes. It must be realized that, sometimes, it is that which is most ubiquitous and familiar which may be most ignored, the assumption being that what is common is not significant. An example is parasites borne by the river that has fed us for generations, or heavy metals in our staple food, both contributing to chronic health problems, and both ignored because we expect severe dysfunction to have exotic and unfamiliar dress. It is, thus, proposed that the existing predominant model of schooling, in this case schooling of Aboriginal children, come under careful scrutiny. Aboriginals, like most other Canadians, have accepted, now almost without question, the "principle" that education is the key to a secure and happy future. This principle may be as fraught with problems as the one-time equally-accepted principle that the earth was the centre of the universe and that the sun was just one of earth's satellites. Just as it was heresy to question the geo-centric universe, it is now similar heresy to question the "principle", the dogma, of the value of "education". This may not be merely a questioning of the value of "education" (whatever it is we mean by that). Indeed, Aboriginal communities have recognized that some elements of the schooling system have potential for negati...

Marketing Ethics Essay Sample

Marketing Ethics Essay Sample Marketing Ethics Essay Marketing has been an aggressive culture for companies and organizations to promote their products and services. In this way, employees are tasked to advertise their products that are available on the market to be purchased by interested buyers. For this reason, the asset and the liability management of the operating institution enhance the credibility of the marketing accessibility of the company to become more efficient. An advertisement is visibly seen in mass media platforms because every organization wants to increase their product or service exposure to their target markets, which seeks to ensure that the value of their commodities is highly trusted by the potential consumers. Regulating marketing practices is one way of controlling unethical practices with regard to advertisement because it values the trust and mechanism of the government to become functional. Ethics in marketing is involved with the fair advertisement of products and commodities to the target market. In this case, companies should be aware that they should promote their product that does not cause offensive remarks against the public. Examples are profanity, pornography, hate speech, discriminatory, derogatory, and illegal actions that corrupts the minds of the viewers or the target markets. There are numerous regulating agencies around the world that are monitoring the advertisement campaigns of companies promoting their product. This is to ensure that the quality of the product is seen to be trustable by the target markets, which makes it interesting for the target markets to try the product. Any unacceptable advertisements are usually taken down by the mass media in order to prevent conflicting interests that degrade the dignity of the consumers or the target markets due to inappropriate promotional strategies of the company. In order to regulate a certain campaign, monitoring agencies and authorities collaborate with each other to ensure that there is a fair promotional campaign for companies who want to promote their product. There are set of rules and regulations mandated by both local and international regulating agencies for advertisers to limit their campaign so that it will not cause any invasion of interest and conflicting of ideas to the consumer. Marketing campaigns have limitations with regard to the time of exposure. This also applied to social media websites wherein there is certain duration for every product that is promoted by the advertisers to ensure that the interest of the target markets is ensured. A company needs to show their interest by means of displaying acceptable photos, videos, and content to the public that promotes an acceptable advertisement campaign. Since competition in the market is now becoming stronger, advertising agencies offer lower prices for companies or individuals who want to promote their product to their target consumers. Pricing strategy is an important ethical structure because it values the price that is compatible with the pricing structure and the quality of advertisement that is offered to companies or any interested party. In this regard, the structure of target marketing using acceptable ethical norms will guide advertisers and consumers to ensure that their product is promoted in a legal and ethical way. Products are categorized according to their function because it prevents confusion and a conflict of interest to the target markets whenever they are looking for a product or service to render. In this case, having an acceptable marketing campaign becomes relevant for every consumer who wants to try the product (Cools Gielen, 2014). Reference Cools, Guy Gielen, Pascal (2014). The Ethics of Art. Valiz: Amsterdam

The 21 Best Social Media Reports Every Marketer Should Read

The 21 Best Social Media Reports Every Marketer Should Read Every content marketer needs data from time to time. Your articles need to be authoritative and convincing, and good data makes this possible. And sometimes, finding this information can be a real pain in the neck. Which is the last thing you need when youre on a deadline. So weve tracked down a whole host of quotable statistical research reports. The kind that give your writing a little extra potency. Youll have all the ammunition you need for your next killer social marketing post. And best of all none of these studies were published before 2017. So you know youre getting the most up-to-date information available. Time to dive in! + Mention = Social Media Success: Did you know you can plan, publish, and measure all your social media posts using ? See how you can manage social media better using the industrys favorite all-in-one marketing manage platform. Instagram Mention: The Instagram Engagement Report 2018 Looking for Instagram data based on real user behavior? Mention took more than 115 million Instagram posts, crunched the data, and came away with some pretty extraordinary findings. This is different from many of the other reports in this list, because its based on actual user behavior These are real posts, with real engagement numbers. Highlights: Instagram hashtags do  not  increase engagement on average. #ad is the most engaging hashtag on Instagram, which proves the power of influencer marketing. Tagging other Instagram users in posts does  increase engagement rates Video posts have the highest average engagement rate of any post formatGet the latest stats from this #social media report from @Mention via the @BlogLater: The State of Instagram Marketing 2018 This is a great example of a state of report. Later polled more than 3,500 businesses, brands, and influencers, wanting to know what the trends would be for 2018. This is powerful stuff for marketing writers, because it lets you speak with authority about what brands care about when it comes to to Instagram. The data is especially useful for discussing how businesses plan to allocate their resources. Youll find questions on Instagram advertising spend, promotion versus community building, and influencer marketing. Highlights: 86% of businesses that currently partner with influencers  plan to do more of this in 2018. 16% of influencers still dont disclose their affiliations  when posting on behalf of a brand. 22% of brands have used Instagram Live, but 55% of brands plan to do so in 2018.Get the latest Instagram statistics from @latermedia via the @BlogInstagram: 2017 Year in Review At the end of the year, Instagram likes to post a roundup of the previous 12 months. It includes information relevant to marketers like the most popular hashtags, most-liked posts, and top videos of that year. It also includes more fun facts like the most popular filters used, and even the top pet accounts on the platform. Dogs are clearly a big hit on Insta! Highlights: Disneyland (Anaheim) was the most instagrammed location  in the world. Cristiano Ronaldo added the most followers in 2017   30 million. The most followed pet on Instagram is a dog named Jiffpom. The pooch has more than 7 million followers! View this post on Instagram ðŸ’â€" A post shared by jiffpom (@jiffpom) on Feb 1, 2018 at 4:10am PSTGet the latest Instagram statistics from Instagram Press via the @BlogExpanded Ramblings: 250 Amazing Instagram Statistics and Facts If youre looking for quotable facts and stats, this is the page for you. It doesnt contain original findings; instead, it pulls out key numbers from all over the web. Couldnt you just use Google? Well, sure. But this site saves you from bouncing around. Plus, they keep it updated, so you can safely assume that your data is up to date. Recommended Reading: Everything You Need to Know About Instagram Analytics to Smash Your Goals Twitter Statista: Twitter User Statistics Click that link above and youll land on a specific Statista report: the number of active monthly Twitter users worldwide. Which is nice. But you really need to explore all of Statistas numbers. Scroll down a little and youll find links to user demographics, mobile usage, and Twitter use by brands. Basically, youve got a lot of clicking around to do, but its worth it! Statista also has a ton of great information about the other social networks, industry marketing trends, and plenty more. Check it out! Highlights: Katy Perry is still the most followed Twitter user  (108 million), but Justin Bieber is close behind (105m). In 2016, $1.1 billion was spent on mobile Twitter advertising in the US. Bleacher Report has the most Twitter engagement following of any brand, more than twice the second highest.Get the latest Twitter stats and research from @StatistaCharts via the @BlogOmnicore Agency: Twitter by the Numbers This ones perfect if you need a quick source of Twitter information. It may not be as surprising as the next two on the list, but its helpful to color in your next post. This page has all the basics: number of monthly Twitter users, percentage of those on mobile, Twitter users in the UK and US, and plenty more. These are all statistics you can find elsewhere, but Omnicore has put them all together for you! Highlights: Twitters revenue per employee is $488,913. Twitter can handle 18 quintillion  user accounts.Get the latest Twitter stats and research from @OmnicoreAgency via the @BlogTwitter: Transparency Report This one is very different, but the data may prove interesting to brands and marketers. Twice a year, Twitter releases data about a whole host of issues facing the network. This includes requests for information (from governments or otherwise), the number and location of blocked users, copyright requests, and more. For writers interested in the bigger Twitter picture, this can be valuable and interesting insight. Highlights: The USA had the most information requests from governments  in the first half of 2017 2,111. Japan was next with 1,384, and the United Kingdom was third with 606. 64,021 tweets were taken down  between January June 2017 for copyright reasons. Twitter received 715 court orders from Turkey  to remove content. The next highest number was 14 (Brazil).Have you read the Twitter Transparency Report from @Twitter? Find it here via the @BlogTwiplomacy: Twiplomacy Study 2017 Another study for writers with a particular angle or niche. This one looks specifically at Twitter use among governments and world leaders. And it goes into remarkable detail, looking at things such as mutual connections between world leaders, whether they favor text or more visual communications, and hashtag use amongst these powerful people. Highlights: The Israeli government is a big fan of social media. In 2016 it asked Twitter users to use the hashtag #IsraelRetweetedMe, and the best responses were retweeted by all 153 government accounts. Perus foreign ministry follows 461 other world leaders, the most in the study. Clearly an effort to forge ties! The New York Times is the news organization most followed by world leaders.Curious how Twitter impacts global diplomacy? Read the 2017 @Twiplomacy Study here via theFacebook Facebook IQ: The Annual Topics and Trends Report Facebook releases two monthly reports: Topics to Watch and Hot Topics. These cover a range of topics (duh!) and tell you whats trending on the social network. At the end of the year, Facebook IQ takes these reports, fills in a few blanks, and releases an overarching study to sum of the year. Thanks to the breadth of topics covered, its a potential goldmine for most marketers: Highlights: Conversations about cryolipolysis have trended up sharply for more than a year, and grew 19x in 2017. Blockchain  conversations were up 146.9x in 2017, compared with 2016. Mixed reality  saw 122x growth in conversations.Read the annual Facebook IQ Topics and Trends Report from @facebook via the @BlogBuzzsumo: Facebook Engagement for Brands and Publishers 2017 Buzzsumo does a lot of social media analysis. In this study, they looked at more than 880 million Facebook posts from July 2016 June 2017. And they found something startling. Engagement for posts of all types plummeted in January 2017. The study attributes this to a greater emphasis being placed on Facebook advertising, and organic reach becoming harder to achieve. The study has plenty of great nuggets, which will help any marketers who needs to know about Facebook engagement rates. Highlights: Even as companies focused on video posts during this period, video only made up around 10% of all posts. Image posts saw the biggest drop in engagement rates. The 2016 presidential election  may have played a role in this drop in engagements.Read the Buzzsumo: Facebook Engagement for Brands and Publishers 2017 report from @BuzzSumo via theCPC Strategy: Facebook Consumer Survey 2017 As you can probably guess, CPC Strategy is focused on social media advertising. So this study is all about consumer behavior as it relates to advertisers. If you want to know why Facebook users click here  and not there, this study is a great place to start. The company partnered with Survata for a 1,500-person survey. While this isnt a huge number, we get a great idea of how Facebook users respond to ads. And of course, there are some excellent numbers for those looking for quotable tidbits! Highlights: 18-24 year-olds are the least likely group to click on Facebook ads. 26% of users who clicked on an ad  went on to complete a purchase. 47.4% of users discovered a new product through Facebook.Read the CPC Strategy: Facebook Consumer Survey 2017 report from @CPCstrategy via theWordstream: 75 Super-Useful Facebook Statistics for 2018 Lets end on a super-quotable piece. Similar to the Omnicore page above, Wordstream has scoured the web for a whole heap of digestible Facebook stats. If you need a few numbers for your blog intro, or to strengthen an argument, this is an excellent resource. Highlights: 42% of customer service responses on Facebook happen within the first 60 minutes. Brands post on Facebook 8 times per day, on average. Facebook users only consider 28% of their Facebook friends to be genuine friends.Read the 75 Super-Useful Facebook Statistics for 2018 report from @Wordstream via theSnapchat Business of Apps: Snapchat Revenue and Usage Statistics 2017 Heres another nice piece tying together lots of different data. Snapchat was a media and marketing darling in very recent memory, and has since faded from view somewhat. But that doesnt mean that marketers dont care about the platform they just need away to make it work. This post has 4 main sections: user statistics (demographics), usage statistics (number and types of snaps sent), Snap Inc. revenue, and Snapchat versus Instagram. So if any of these float your boat, give it a look! Highlights: As of 2017, Snapchat users send 3 billion snaps per day. Twice as many users prefer Snapchat Stories  (45%) over Instagram Stories (21%). 45% of college students say they would open a snap from a brand they dont know.Read the Business of Apps: Snapchat Revenue and Usage Statistics 2017 report from @BusinessofAppsSocial Report: Instagram Stories vs Snapchat Stories 2017 Statistics One of the key social media trends of late is Instagram Stories. Instagram marketing is hotter than ever, and brands are looking for ways to better leverage the image platform. Naturally, theyre turning their attention to Stories, a feature that takes up a lot of valuable real estate in the Instagram layout. But as we know, Instagram Stories are basically Snapchat Stories, and perhaps marketers shouldnt be too quick to ignore the original. This piece uses data to comlets the two, which is perfect for marketers unsure of the main differences. Highlights: Snapchat usage and engagement have gone down 15 to 40 percent since the release of Instagram stories. 11 out of 12 top social media influencers posted more Instagram Stories than the Snapchat equivalent. Instagram influencers report engagement rates 3-5x higher than on Snapchat.Read Social Report: Instagram Stories vs Snapchat Stories 2017 Statistics from @TheSocialReportThe Daily Beast: The Data Snapchat Doesnt Want You to See This one is a double-whammy. The Daily Beast got its hands on 5 months of daily user data from Snapchat, which gives you some nice statistics to work with. Thats the link above. But this is accompanied by a scintillating article  detailing the company culture and work life at Snapchat, and explains why this data was never supposed to be released. Both are worth checking out (and quoting), but theres plenty of interesting activity data for those not interested in the juicy details. Highlights: Snapchat employees are not allowed to use Snapchat at company parties!  They even have to tape over their phone cameras. Snap Maps usage has been consistently declining since its launch. Saturday is easily the most popular day of the week to post to Snapchat Stories, followed by Friday.Read The Daily Beast: The Data Snapchat Doesnt Want You to See via the @Blog here:Youtube Social Bakers: YouTube Statistics This is a very nice resource! Its interactive, which is nice, and lets isolate the statistics you really care about. Choose data for large countries like the US, UK, or India, pick your industry, or select from a range of categories like celebrities, sport, or brands. Highlights: T-Series an Indian music and film studio has the most YouTube views of any channel. It also has more than 20 million subscribers. Justin Bieber, Katy Perry, and Taylor Swift have the largest celebrity audiences on YouTube (in that order). Fourth is KondZilla, a Brazilian music video producer.Read the Social Bakers: YouTube Statistics report from @socialbakers via the @BlogFilmora: Mind Numbing YouTube Facts, Figures and Statistics 2017 Sometimes, you just want a nice visual breakdown of social stats. Filmora has done exactly this. This study provides both standard data points (number of daily users, number of videos uploaded daily), and some less obvious ones (video removals for copyright reasons, average length of video by genre, and more). As always, the goal is to find easy-to-use data about social media, and this post has you covered for YouTube. Highlights: 62% of YouTube users are male. 32% of videos are taken down within 24 hours  for copyright reasons. 18% of the time, the user account is also terminated. Despacito is the most viewed YouTube video  of all time.Get the latest @YouTube facts and stats from @Filmora_Editor via the @BlogStatista: YouTube Statistics Facts Weve included a Statista report above, and, really, couldve probably found one for every section of this post. Seriously, its a great site and worth clicking around. Some of the data needs to be paid for, but theres plenty available gratis. The YouTube section of the site includes data on channels and creators, YouTube usage, marketing and advertising spend, so all of the must-know data points for marketers. Highlights: The highest-earning YouTuber is Michelle Phan, with a reported net worth of US$50 million. Controversial star PewDiePie is next at $18 million. The most subscribed-to channel in 2017 belongs to PewDiePie, with nearly twice as many new followers in 2017 than the runner-up (Hola Soy German). The fastest video to go viral is still PSYs Gangnam Style, which hit 100 million views in four days.

A Political Life of Pablo Picasso Research Paper

A Political Life of Pablo Picasso - Research Paper Example The research paper "A Political Life of Pablo Picasso" highlights Pablo Picasso's political side of life. Pablo Picasso is one of the pre-eminent artists of the twentieth century, having mastered various art forms such as painting, sculpting, print-making, ceramic-making and stage designing. Alongside Henri Matisse and Marcel Duchamp, Picasso is considered to have revolutionized plastic arts in the early part of the twentieth century. His political commitments have been one of the most underexplored areas of his life and work. But new scholarship and evidence from exhibitions identify the political facet of Pablo Picasso. This essay will argue that though not much publicized or documented Picasso held strong political beliefs. This is evident from the events of his personal life and the content of his artistic works. Although art critics often suggest that art should transcend politics, this assertion does not always holds true. The most important event in Picasso’s life, whic h betrays his strong political sympathies, is his joining the French Communist Party in 1944. Picasso’s contribution to the party came via his three drawings of Maurice Thorez in 1945. He also gifted to the Communist town of Vallauris, his sculpture L’homme au mouton. The painting ‘The Peace Dove’, produced in the aftermath of the the Second World War is further evidence for the link between the aesthetics and politics of the great painter. Picasso’s deep involvement with Leftist politics is made obvious through his 1953 portrait of Stalin.

Ethnic Groups and Multiracial Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethnic Groups and Multiracial Identity - Essay Example Racial stereotyping and crime in the society is partly attributed to the poverty levels in the society among people from a particular race. The Senator should address the issue of education and in particular the low enrollment levels and high drop out rates from school by children from particular races. The ability to attain good jobs can only be related to the ability to secure good education and training hence members of the African American community have been segregated in employment due to lack of enough education. High unemployment rates among the youth are the leading causes of crime like drug peddling and violent robberies hence the Senator should ensure youth receive property education. The Senator should also increase the rehabilitation facilities for drug patients and the correctional facilities for petty offenders. Lack of counseling and support services have increased the crime levels in the neighborhood. The Senator should work towards racial integration by establishing cultural centers and community centers where each racial group can celebrate and preserve their unique culture and traditions. The Senator should consider increasing the welfare benefits to the poor citizens. The Senator should consider the issue of taxation where he can advocate for reduction in the tax rates for the people whose income is not adequate for housing and other basic needs. The Senator should increase the housing provision facilities. Question 3 people of power: law, Supreme Court and congress Dr Friedman asserts that people lobby and assert pressure on their government for many social changes. He continues by saying the legal justice system is the product of people demand. The society shapes the legal framework and must live within the framework. The legal system reflects the power structure and authority in the society. He believes that the wealth and power influence the making and execution of the laws where big corporations and rich people run the country. He beli eves the middle class can be powerful but its keeps being divided and fragmented. He believes the minorities and civil rights are protected by the law but our ideals affect the policies which we pursue. Laws are made by legislatures enacted through popular vote and rulings are given by the Supreme Court hence want counts are the strength of the pillars holding the systems. The Supreme Court was established by Article 3 of the US constitution which did not explain the clear duties and powers of the Court. American Constitution denied African Americans citizenship. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment and Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave all citizens equal rights and ended slavery. Citizenships were granted to Non-white Americas in 1868 where no State was required to make laws that deprive any person of life, property without due law process being followed. African Americans were granted the right to vote in 1870 but on criteria that they could read the Constitution provisions fluently with out any error. In 1854, the Supreme Court in the case of Scott V. Sandford, ruled that Dred Scott was still a slave despite having lived in â€Å"free states† for several years hence he was the property of the owner. In the same case, Justice Taney ruled that Scott had no the capacity to bring the case to court since he was not a U.S citizen. The most historic Supreme Court ruling on race was delivered by Justice Thurgood Marshall who was the first

Analysis of the movie October Sky in terms of socialization Essay

Analysis of the movie October Sky in terms of socialization - Essay Example He is unable to 'think big' in the context of intellectual freedom and the procedure is just the extension of the local neighborhood, or in other words, the coal mines. As we have seen in the novel "Germinal" by Emil Zola, the local characters other than Homer tends to be engrossed by the day to day living and livelihood of the mines and are just unable to think beyond the parameters of their circumstances. "That is simply what happens to kids in Coalwood, at least those who can't escape by means of a football scholarship. They become coal miners, fighting to make a living, threatening to strike, and choking on coal dust." (Chastain, Norman Transcript) In this scenario, Homer finds himself in a situation where he finds no alternative other than rockets to opt for a better living. He tries to influence other kids to help him build rockets. The two other teens who agreed to help him out in this matter appears to be no as foresighted as Homer and are generally reluctant with a tint of amusement included to it. But all is not that muted after all. As in our social life, Homer finds a supportive hand in his mother and his school teacher.

TO WHAT EXTENT CAN CORRUPTION BE BLAMED FOR UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN Dissertation

TO WHAT EXTENT CAN CORRUPTION BE BLAMED FOR UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA, A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA - Dissertation Example Introduction The biggest obstacle to the achievement of development objectives in Africa is corruption. As the world is rapidly advancing towards becoming a global village, a large percentage of people in Africa do not have the opportunity of benefiting from the fruits of economic and industrial development that is happening across the world, primarily because of the widespread corruption that prevails in most African countries. Africa is blessed with a major percentage of the world’s natural resources and people from the continent have made their mark in several areas such as science, technology and medicine. Despite such developments, things such as cars and television continue to be extraordinary luxuries amongst people of Africa. Millions continue to live in extreme poverty and a vast majority is unemployed despite being educated. People are deprived of clean drinking water and educational facilities are not available for all children. There have been frequent instances of civil war i n several parts of the continent, while millions have been dying from diseases that cannot be controlled because of inadequate financial resources for healthcare. The main reason for the underdevelopment in Africa is the high level of corruption that prevails in the entire continent and continues to remain unchecked. This paper examines the extent to which corruption can be blamed for Africa’s underdevelopment by specifically referring to the case of Nigeria. In doing so, the internal and external causes of underdevelopment in Nigeria will be critically analyzed. The aim of this paper is to give an analytical perspective in order to understand why African countries have been unable to develop and to understand why sub-Saharan Africa has the reputation of being the most corrupt area in the world. The paper will also highlight the concepts and contexts of political corruption as the main cause of underdevelopment in many African countries. Chapter 1. Underdevelopment and Corruption in Africa Corruption is understood as acts of wrong doings with the objective of making money, which implies that the extreme desire to make money is the basic reason for corruption. According to Auyo (1999), corruption is the termination or demolition of a disposition or a perverted act relative to changing anyt hing from its initial status of purity. In simple terms, corruption is said to be practiced by deviating from the normal way of doing things. In the modern world, corruption is understood as the misappropriation of public money, enticement, theft or any forms of attempts to embezzle or to illegally gain or abuse assets or authority. Therefore, corruption is revealed through perverted acts or through obliteration or veracity while discharging public duty. Thus, corruption is considered a psychological or social condition whereby the ethical and correct ways of performing one’s duties are abandoned because of some kind of internal or external stimulus (Bayley, 1966). Although the words corruption and fraud are mostly used in referring to such practices, it is important to understand the differences amongst the two terms. Corruption is related with misusing public authority and is mostly related with acts committed by government functionaries, while fraud is an occurrence that c an happen in both the private and public sectors (Isa, 2009). Both corruption and fraud have proved to be severe problems that have been hampering economic growth in Africa (Sandholtz and Gray, 2003). Most efforts initiated by government and nongovernment agencies to tackle the problem have not yielded good results. For the last several years, Nigeria has been rated amongst the three most corrupt states in the world. In attempts to combat corruption, the

Rogers Chocolate Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rogers Chocolate - Case Study Example Rogers’ sold chocolates, related specialty products and premium ice cream items. As Zietsma (2007) notes, firstly, competition was a point of concern since traditional players in the chocolate business were moving into the premium sector where Rogers’ had a presence (p 20). Secondly, there was a shift in consumer preferences towards organic chocolates. Moreover, consumers were becoming more environment conscious. There were significant costs involved in set up and cleaning involved in the production process. The disruption in schedules influenced by various factors was the cause for frequent out-of- stock situations faced by Rogers’. An ageing consumer base was also pertinent since there was no potential replacement for the eventual loss of customers. A traditional mindset of the employees meant that Rogers’ was not ready to reinvent itself in the present context. 2. PESTEL Analysis The political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal is sues pertaining to Rogers’ are described in this section. 2.1 Political Change in governments affect the formulation and implementation of policies related to the chocolate industry. Rogers being in the premium chocolate segment, its products could be considered as elitist. A populist government could be at logger heads with Rogers’. Moreover, there could be pressure from political parties to unionise Rogers’ since the company would attract the attention of trade unions. Lobbying by competitors was also one of the threats that loomed over Rogers. Any decision which was the result of such bargaining could prove detrimental to the business interests of Rogers. The sales of Rogers’ outside Canada was also affected by the policies of foreign countries especially those of the US and Europe. Diplomatic stand offs between Canada and other nations would have a bearing on the bottom line of Rogers’. Every trade related treaty signed between Canada and other nations provided an opportunity to Rogers’. Likewise, when such treaties are abrogated, it is a threat to the activities at Rogers’. 2.2 Economic The changes in the economy also have a bearing on the fortunes of Rogers’. In times of recession, the sales of luxury goods are hit the most, which brings a drop in sales of premium chocolate. Further, cost cutting measures are required at every step in business. This could adversely affect the quality and hence the brand name of Rogers’. There could be a threat of layoffs in such cases. This would lead to change in employment patterns in the organisation as permanent staff is replaced by part-timers. The prices of raw materials could also increase leading to a hike in the prices of chocolates. This would make Rogers’ products unattractive in foreign markets. Economic sanctions against the countries providing raw materials to Rogers’ could hit production. Damage to crops, diversion of raw material s to competitors on account of better prices etc. are some of the other issues that can hamper production. This would make Rogers’ products unattractive in foreign markets. 2.3 Social Rogers’ had not packaged itself differently based on current trends. Hence, an ageing baby boomer generation remained its target audience. Though this group of consumers had an inclination for quality goods, eventually there would be no customers left if the younger generation does not replace them. Rogers’ marketing would have to change to reflect this reality. Similarly, the employees at Rogers’ were caught in a time warp as they had been in the same organisation for two to three generations. While there was cohesion among employees

TO WHAT EXTENT CAN CORRUPTION BE BLAMED FOR UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN Dissertation

TO WHAT EXTENT CAN CORRUPTION BE BLAMED FOR UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA, A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA - Dissertation Example Introduction The biggest obstacle to the achievement of development objectives in Africa is corruption. As the world is rapidly advancing towards becoming a global village, a large percentage of people in Africa do not have the opportunity of benefiting from the fruits of economic and industrial development that is happening across the world, primarily because of the widespread corruption that prevails in most African countries. Africa is blessed with a major percentage of the world’s natural resources and people from the continent have made their mark in several areas such as science, technology and medicine. Despite such developments, things such as cars and television continue to be extraordinary luxuries amongst people of Africa. Millions continue to live in extreme poverty and a vast majority is unemployed despite being educated. People are deprived of clean drinking water and educational facilities are not available for all children. There have been frequent instances of civil war i n several parts of the continent, while millions have been dying from diseases that cannot be controlled because of inadequate financial resources for healthcare. The main reason for the underdevelopment in Africa is the high level of corruption that prevails in the entire continent and continues to remain unchecked. This paper examines the extent to which corruption can be blamed for Africa’s underdevelopment by specifically referring to the case of Nigeria. In doing so, the internal and external causes of underdevelopment in Nigeria will be critically analyzed. The aim of this paper is to give an analytical perspective in order to understand why African countries have been unable to develop and to understand why sub-Saharan Africa has the reputation of being the most corrupt area in the world. The paper will also highlight the concepts and contexts of political corruption as the main cause of underdevelopment in many African countries. Chapter 1. Underdevelopment and Corruption in Africa Corruption is understood as acts of wrong doings with the objective of making money, which implies that the extreme desire to make money is the basic reason for corruption. According to Auyo (1999), corruption is the termination or demolition of a disposition or a perverted act relative to changing anyt hing from its initial status of purity. In simple terms, corruption is said to be practiced by deviating from the normal way of doing things. In the modern world, corruption is understood as the misappropriation of public money, enticement, theft or any forms of attempts to embezzle or to illegally gain or abuse assets or authority. Therefore, corruption is revealed through perverted acts or through obliteration or veracity while discharging public duty. Thus, corruption is considered a psychological or social condition whereby the ethical and correct ways of performing one’s duties are abandoned because of some kind of internal or external stimulus (Bayley, 1966). Although the words corruption and fraud are mostly used in referring to such practices, it is important to understand the differences amongst the two terms. Corruption is related with misusing public authority and is mostly related with acts committed by government functionaries, while fraud is an occurrence that c an happen in both the private and public sectors (Isa, 2009). Both corruption and fraud have proved to be severe problems that have been hampering economic growth in Africa (Sandholtz and Gray, 2003). Most efforts initiated by government and nongovernment agencies to tackle the problem have not yielded good results. For the last several years, Nigeria has been rated amongst the three most corrupt states in the world. In attempts to combat corruption, the

Section 3.04 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Section 3.04 - Essay Example i) to resist apprehension which the actor knows is being made by a peace officer, despite the arrest being illegal; orii) to resist force applied by the possessor or occupier of property or by someone else on his/her behalf, where the person applying the â€Å"victim† is aware that the person applying the force is doing so under a claim of right to guard the property, except that this limitation shall not hold in specific circumstances recognized by the law .      (b) The use of deadly force is illegal in this Section unless the actor is convinced that such force is justifiable to guard himself against death, serious bodily harm, kidnapping or sexual intercourse compelled by force or threat;   nor is it legal in conditions specific conditions recognized by the law (Ritchie, 2009).      (c) Except as mandated by paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Subsection, a person employing protective force may gauge the need thereof under the conditions as he believes them to be when the force is employed, without retreating, surrendering possession, performing any other act which he is not authorized to do or avoiding from any lawful action.  Subdivision 3: Use of Confinement as Protective ForceThe justifications provided by this Section applies to the application of confinement as protective force only in a scenario where the actor exhausts all logical measures to end the confinement as soon as he/she is aware that he/she can, unless the confined person has been apprehended on a charge of crime.

The Impact of Training and Development on the Employees of the Insurance Sector in Jordan Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Training and Development on the Employees of the Insurance Sector in Jordan Essay The focus of all aspects of Human Resource Development is on developing the most superior workforce so that the organization and individual employees can accomplish their work goals in service to customers , All employees want to be valuable and remain competitive in the labour market at all times. This can only be achieved through employee training and development. Employees will always want to develop career-enhancing skills, which will always lead to employee motivation and retention. There is no doubt that a well-trained and developed staff will be a valuable asset to the company and thereby increasing the chances of his efficiency in discharging his or her duties, so our main focus about the practises of training and development in the insurance sector as it is a very important service sector . And to study the relationship between training and development with job satisfaction and morale among employees , inter personal relationship and customer satisfaction , employee motivation, efficiencies in processes, financial gain , capacity to adopt new technologies and methods , innovation in strategies and products , employee turnover , company image and productivity. METHODOLOGY: We are going to examine two of the most well-known companies in Jordan (Arab insurance company and Jordanian insurance company) through a qualitative research , data will be collected through a couple of interviews with some of the employees of the two companies from many managerial levels and by gathering primary information through literature review from recent journal papers and books. GROUP MEMBERS: * Sara khano * Bashar Kafafi * Lama Daas * Eman Khalil * Shireen Shakaa

Sports In Russia During 1905 To 1913 History Essay

Sports In Russia During 1905 To 1913 History Essay The early twentieth century was a very important time for Russian sports history; many new types of sports gained popularity throughout the country and the nation took its level of athletic competition to an all time new level. Understanding the role of sports in Russias history is significant because sports are more than a form of entertainment for spectators as well as those who participate in them. The reality is that sports are a great symbol of exercise, physical fitness, a healthy life style/society, and camaraderie between teammates and even opponents. Furthermore, when a nation competes in sporting competitions with other nations, this is a form of athletic socialization that suggests healthy and friendly relationships with other countries. For these reasons, understanding the role of sports during this time period in Russian history is valuable to understanding this time period in Russia. Among the sports that took center stage during this time period were tennis and soccer, although basketball, cricket, fencing, wrestling and various other sports did gain popularity during this time period as well. In addition to sports gaining popularity, the early twentieth century was also an important time for Russian sports for a different reason; during this period, the initial endeavors of Russia in the most popular sports competition in the world took place, the Olympic Games! Tennis in Russia during 1910 (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). One sport that gained increased recognition during the first decade of the twentieth century was tennis. This sport, which was originally introduced in Russia during the summer of 1878, was even enjoyed by Tsar Nicholas II himself! In fact, Tsar Nicholas II was a keen tennis player. His diary entries are full of references to the sport: played tennis after breakfast until 5 oclock, played a lot of tennis, enjoyed playing tennis, I personally played seven sets, went to play tennis early and played and sweated a great deal (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). In addition to this famous leader, there were other proponents of the sport that also helped increase its popularity. For example, some men who are now considered by many people as the pioneers of professional tennis in Russia include Count Mikhail Sumarokov-Elston, who was Russias champion in 1910-1914, as well as Arthur MacPherson, who was one of the founders of Russian lawn tennis (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). Soccer During the later part of the nineteenth century, Soccer was gaining popularity in Russia; however, in the eyes of the Russian government, this was not perceived as a good thing. In fact, the Russian government actually went to great lengths in order to attempt to restrict the practice of soccer amongst the countrys ethnic minorities. The purpose of this policy was to try and maintain the sport as something that was exclusively for the countrys elite. In order to accomplish this, those who were considered of a lower class, could not be associated with the game. Not surprisingly, this policy failed, and the games popularity spread quickly during the time when many Russian students were returning home from England. By 1905, the majority of Russias clubs had already been established, and in 1912, according to the Russian National Football Ream website, The Football Association of Russia was founded in 1912 and became affiliated to FIFA that same year. During this same year, Russia partic ipated in an Olympic Games Football Tournament for the first time in its history. Other Sports Basketball was also popular in Russia during the early years of the twentieth century (Nelson 22). In addition to this sport, cricket was also appreciated throughout Russia. In fact, there were many popular sports clubs throughout the country during this time period where people could go to enjoy this game; there were even some clubs that were specifically dedicated to the game of cricket, such as the St. Petersburg Cricket Club (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). Other sports played in Russia during this time include fencing, football, wrestling, racing, and gymnastics. Although there were other sports that were played and well-loved in Russia during this time period, these sports were among the most popular. Olympics Not only were many sports gaining popularity in the country during the early twentieth century, but it was during this time period that Russia began competing on an international level as well. Up until this point, the majority of Russias sport activities were local. Indeed, the most noteworthy change in Russian sports history was that this nation began competing in the Olympic Games. Although this was a big change in Russian sports history, it is important to note that despite Russias initial participation in these Olympic Games of 1900, the country did not compete in the Olympics again until 1908. Russia chose not to partake in the 1904 summer Olympics, but in the 1908 games, Russia not only competed, but the nation completed the games ranking in twelfth place. The 1908 London Summer Olympics Photo of Nikolai Panin (Dolgopolov 33) [About] one hundred years ago, at the fourth modern Olympics, held in London in 1908, Russia sent a team that was comprised of six athletes; three of them returned with medals. Nikolai Panin was the only one to bring home a gold medal Russias first ever. Panin won it in special figures figure skating (London was the first Olympics to include a non-summer sport). Nikolai Orlov and Alexei Petrov returned with silver medals in wrestling (Dolgopolov 33). In addition to skating and wrestling, Russia also took part in racing that year. However, Russia only had one athelete competing in the the athletics segment of the Olympic games, which greatly decreased their chances of winning a medal. The Russian athelete who did partipate in the athletics segment managed to take ninteenth place out of the twenty-seven racers who also competed in those games (The British Olympic Council 49). The 1912 Stockholm Summer Olympics Russias commendable victory in the 1908 London Summer Olympics was followed by another great performance in the 1912 Stockholm Summer Olympics. Although Russia did not win any gold medals in these games, the country still managed to win two silver medals and three bronze medals, which was good enough to give Russia a ranking of sixteenth place in those games. One of the silver medals was won by a team comprised of Amos Kash, Nikolai Melnitsky, Pavel Voyloshnikov and Grigori Panteleimonov; the game was called Shooting, Mens Team 30m military pistol. In addition, the other silver medal was won by Martin Klein in the Wrestling, Greco-Roman middleweight games. In regards to the bronze medals, Mart Kuusik won one medal in the Rowing, Mens single sculls game. Also, Esper Beloselsky, Ernest Brasche, Nikolai Puschnitsky, Aleksandr Rodionov, Iosif Schomaker, Philip Strauch, and Karl Lindblom won a medal in Sailing, Mens 10m class. Finally, Harry Blau won a bronze medal in Shooting, Mens Trap. During these Olympics, Russia exhibited much more skill and willingness to compete that it did in the years preview; this is evident not only in the number of sports games that Russia took part in, but also the number of Russia athletes that competed that year in comparison to the 1900 Olympics in Paris and the 1908 Olympics in London (THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE 852-861). (THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE 268) Also worth mentioning is that the 1912 Olympics was Russias debut in the swimming games. Another first for Russia that year was in the cycling part of the games; there were a total of ten cyclists competing on behalf of Russia that year. Diving was another first for Russia, although the nation only had one individual representing it in that segment. Furthermore, the nation sent a total of thirty-five athletes in order to compete on the nations behalf in the athletics segment of the games (ex., racing), which was a huge improvement in comparison to the single marathon runner who competed for Russia in the 1908 Olympic Games. Other games that Russia participated in the 1912 Olympics included equestrian, jumping, fencing, football, gymnastics, rowing, sailing, modern pentathlon, shooting, rowing, tennis, and wrestling. Clearly, Russia has increased its interest in competing in the Olympic games over the past dozen years. Taking a Break from the Olympics Partaking in the Olympic Games was a very important part of Russian sports history, given that the Olympics symbolize global friendliness, fair-play, and unity. It is clear that Russia began taking the Olympics much more seriously with each subsequent visit to the Olympics; this is evident from the number of athletes that this nation decided to send to the Olympics in 1912. It seemed as though Russias participation in these games would be long lasting; however, the camaraderie and national pride that Russian citizens gained during those three trips to the Olympics was short lived. This is because it would be decades before these Russian citizens could feel the national pride of a Russian winning a medal again. The 1916 Olympic Games were cancelled due to World War I and the 1940 and 1944 Olympic Games were cancelled due to World War II. Although these three Olympic Games were canceled as a result of global chaos, this only offers an explanation for three Games. Russia chose not to co mpete in the Olympics again until the 1952 Games, but this time, Russia was not considered Russia anymore; it was the Soviet Union that competed in its place. This brief time that Russia participated in the Olympics has gone down in history as Russias first Olympic endeavors and a very important milestone in Russian Sports history. Dolgopolov, Nikolai. Russias First Gold Medalist. Russian Life 51.4 (2008): 33. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Mar. 2010. Nelson, M. The Originals: the New York Celtics invent modern basketball. New York: Bowling Green State Univrsity Popular Press, 1999. THE BRITISH OLYMPIC COUNCIL. The Fourth Olypiad London 1908 Official Report. London: THE BRITISH OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION, 1908. 06 March 2010 THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE. The Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912 Official Report. Stockholm: WAHLSTRÃÆ'-M WIDSTRAND, 1912. 06 March 2010 Russian National Football Team. A look at Russia. 04 March 2010

Bilingual Education Should be Changed to Immersion :: Essays Papers

Bilingual Education Should be Changed to Immersion In Korea, an education for children began to concern about languages such as English and Japanese since developing technologies and cultures unified most countries. I remember studying English and Korean by separating year when I was in a kindergarten and a senior high school. In the kindergarten and senior high school, English importantly were being considered to children with Korean. The name of a program was called, ‘Bilingual education.’ in Korea. Differently, I studied in a junior high school which just used English but Korean. The name of a program was called, ‘immersion.’ After coming to America to study in college, I found that a bilingual education and an immersion such as I also studied in the two different programs were being argued for children in not only Korea and America. Actually, in Korea, many parents of children are supporting immersion programs now. How about America? Are Americans supporting bilingual educations or immersion pr ograms? As I am an experienced person in two different programs, I want to say that not only Korea but also American has to support immersion programs for children. There are several reasons why I support immersion programs. Firstly, I think that an immersion program can quickly teach children who want to learn new languages. In my experience, I learned English as a second language in a junior high school. Most teachers were Americans except some teachers who taught Korean and Chinese, and American teachers taught several subjects such as a math, biology, and geology by English. Most teaching style was immersion programs to children. What made me to support immersion programs when I studied in a junior high school? For instance, when I learned all subjects with English at first time, I was not comfortable because I was not American but Korean. Immersion programs seemed to have a negative reaction to children and parents because students had never listened and studied English before since being in an elementary school. However, after from six month and one year, student’s reaction about immersion programs was changed to a positive point of view. Students began to adjust to study all subject s with English fast. I also was able to acquire studying the subjects fast. For example, when I wrote an essay, I always though and spoke in English.

Computer Fraud – an Analysis on Oracle Corp vs. Sap Ag

Information system has been playing a grave essential role in daily business activities. Over the past decade, the detection rate of computer crimes concerning information system attacks has risen sharply. According to Kunz and Wilson (2004), reported computer crimes have been septupled from 2000 to 2003 and leads to inestimable economic loss. Therefore, themes on information security, especially the prevention of computer fraud, have attracted increasingly attentions (Romney and Steinbart, 2009). However, it seems that perpetrators can always find new techniques to theft invaluable business secrets stored, processed or protected by those information systems. Moreover, some abuse techniques have been used in economic espionage, which causes a yearly loss of $250 billion (ibid). Oracle Corp vs. SAP AG could be one of the relating cases occurred in the recent 2007 and is not yet closed till present. This essay will firstly introduce the Case. Then by using Fraud Triangle, analyze the reason of SAP’s commitment of computer fraud and data theft. Finally, suggestions on how to improve the security of company’s information system will be addressed with some reflections of the Case. It has been reported that the world’s software giant SAP AG was sued by its largest competitor, Oracle Corporation, for computer fraud and data theft in March 2007 (Anon, 2010). In the Complaint, Oracle Corporation (2007) stated that in November 2006, unusual heavy download activities were spotted on Customer Connection, a website Oracle used to serve its customers. The uncovered access originated from an IP address in one of SAP’s braches with log-in IDs of PeopleSoft and J. D. Edwards customers. It is discovered later that TomorrowNow and SAP TN, two SAP subsidiaries, committed a series of unauthorized access to Oracle’s customer service system and more than 10,000 illegal download activities. Mass of important materials, including copyrighted software codes and confidential documents was theft. In this way, SAP was capable of establishing a service library for PeopleSoft and J. D. Edwards products, and launched a marketing campaign to snatch Oracle’s customers. The fraud resulted in Oracle’s 120 copyrights infringed and posed the threats of losing 358 customers (Kawamoto, 2007). On 24 November 2010, the U. S. Federal District Court for Northern California announced that Oracle won the Case with SAP liable for $1. 3 billion compensation. As Slappendel (2010) points out, this is the largest amount ever awarded in copyright infringement cases. The core reason may lies that the verdict is based upon the fair market value of the licenses for utilizing those resources instead of Oracle’s profit loss. After the verdict, SAP’s stock price has been falling significantly and TomorrowNow had to be shut down (Anon, 2011; Team, 2010). Although SAP accepted the liability and apologized for its inappropriate behavior, the company has been arguing that the penalty was contrary to the reality of the damage caused by the fraud (Margan, 2011). It is also reported that SAP has filed motions to the Court and therefore SAP’s computer fraud case does not seem to end at present. The action of data theft has brought unnecessary troubles to both SAP and Oracle. In order to prevent computer fraud effectively, it is essential to fully examine the reason of SAP’s behavior. Fraud Triangle will be used as an analysis tool. It is estimated by Romney and Steinbart (2009) that Fraud Triangle consists of the three normal conditions for fraud to occur: pressures, opportunities and rationalizations. Figure 1 shown below is a brief summary of Fraud Triangle in the Case. 5. Homely meals in software industry FIGURE 1 FRAUD TRIANGLE OF SAP Pressure Opportunity Rationalization 2. Oracle’s insufficient security management 4. Theft by other companies (i. e. Siebel Systems) before 1. Financial – fierce competition in the market 3. Few evidence – may not be spotted Firstly, SAP is probably under the severe pressure of maintaining the top one throne in the software market. During the last decade, competition between Oracle and SAP has greatly increased and the rivalry has developed into a feud. Particularly in 2004, Oracle began a series of acquisitions, aiming at increasing the share of enterprise applications market, where SAP owned the leadership (PeopleSoft, 2011). After realizing the seriousness, SAP fighted back by offering special discounts to woo customers, and thus a cruel price battle initiated. However, the strategy did not seem to rescue much, SAP’s market share remains downward sloping (Team, 2010). Currently, Oracle and SAP are vying for the third-party enterprise software support and maintenance market. The enormous pressure of winning may contribute to the commitment of computer fraud, especially for spying the business secrets of the largest competitor. The following two external conditions may possibly be linked to SAP’s unwise actions: Oracle’s insufficient security management and an opportunity to conceal the fraud. Oracle has provided the Customer Connection as a supplementary of its service to the customers. However, the semi-open system, which stores countless precious information, does not appear to be equipped with superior security management techniques. A huge defect exists that allows easy access to resources supposed to be protected from outsiders. In terms of the flaw, Oracle may be partially liable of its loss. Even though Oracle’s detection of abnormal access is relatively sensitive, it could not take a step ahead of the crime. Besides, Oracle’s dependence on service website offers the probability to conceal fraud, since comparably less evidence would be left for detection. With technology improvement, computer fraud may become far more difficult to spot in the future (The National Fraud Center, Inc. , 2000). Moreover, the experience of being a casualty of computer crimes might have lifted SAP’s rationalization of being a perpetrator. It is recorded that in 1999, SAP filed a lawsuit against Siebel Systems and claimed of being a victim of the so-called White Collar Crime (Kawamoto, 2007). Additionally, it may be reasonable to recognize the fact that most people in software industries regard the occurrence of computer fraud as homely meals, because almost all businesses in this market have grabbed some most advanced computer techniques, together with some abuse techniques obviously. As a result, SAP’s fraud behavior may not be that severe in the eyes of the decision makers. Hence, accelerate the germination of computer crimes. After fully assessment of why SAP may err, suggestions on how to improve the security of enterprise’s information system will be addressed with reflections of the Case. In the perspective of prevention, several control methods could be considered to raise the security capability of the enterprise’s information systems. First of all, persuade or enforce all employees, even the customers, to use strong password to access to company’s database or service websites (Standler, 2007). Requirement of password changes at regular time intervals would be necessary to prevent some former employees of customers’ company from entering the system, which may exactly Oracle needs. Secondly, restrict physical and remote access to system resources unless the both the log-in ID and IP address are authorized (Backhouse and Dhillon, 1995). Thirdly, safeguard and double encrypt all data and programs. For example, materials on the Customer Connection could be double encrypted so that without further encoding, the downloaded materials would remain useless for non-employees or non-customers. Besides, techniques such as anti-virus software and firewall could to some extent protect the system from worms and viruses attack. Although using the above prevention method could avoid some dispensable loss, perpetrators penetrate everywhere (Romney and Steinbart, 2009). Therefore, an efficient detection system should be ready for any possible incidences. The establishment of a fraud hotline is recommended, which contains the employment of computer security officers, consultants and forensic specialists. The control system will be engaged in monitoring all malicious actions and reporting back as soon as possible. In the Case, Oracle took advantage of its superior detection system and made SAP’s fraud evidence traceable and suppressible (Oracle Corporation, 2007). Despite prevention and detection, there are other preparations could be made ahead of the arrival of any disasters with the intention of reducing the loss caused by computer fraud (Kunz and Wilson, 2004). These routines mainly concern insurance application, recovery plans constitution, material back-up within the whole information system. Furthermore, timely crime reporting to the government crime center and effectively legislative tool using might be helpful for retrieving fairly compensations from perpetrators, as it has been done by Oracle Corporation in the Case. Some ERP market analysts even suspect that the Lawsuit could be a sort of Oracle’s strategy to decrease the competition in the third-party enterprise software maintenance and support market. Whatever the original purpose is, Oracle has achieved benefit from winning the Lawsuit for the current period. To conclude, SAP’s situation has satisfied all of the three conditions presented in Fraud Triangle, some of which heavily depend on industrial environment as well as the design of Oracle’s information system. Thus, objectively, SAP may not liable for all the censure, though it really has been occupied in illicit competition using computer fraud. Oracle could be considered partially responsible for its loss and the sentenced $1. 3 billion seems somewhat too cruel for SAP to bear. Although some experts may argue that the breach of intellectual property is unforgivable culpable negligence, it looks possible for the Court to adjust the amount of penalty towards a more realistic number. Since the next round hearings will not start until July 2011, all the outcomes remain unpredictable (Margan, 2011). It is undeniable that, however, computer fraud could bring about huge losses for the entire society, especially when it is used in economic espionage. In the speeding advancing information century, nearly all of the impossible could be made possible. Consequently, it seems that only the creation of a healthy competition environment, emphasis on business ethics and proper education may aid in bringing down the upward climbing computer crime rate. REFERENCE Anon. (2007) SAP-We Will Aggressively Defend Against Oracle‘s Claims [online]. Ziff Davis Media, United Press International. Available at: [30 April 2011] Anon. (2010) Oracle Awarded $1. 3bn In SAP Data Theft Case [online] 24 November. BBC News. Available at: [28 April 2011] Anon. (2011) SAP Posts Sharp Profit Drop Due To Oracle Lawsuit [online] 26 January. Available at: [29 April 2011] Backhouse,J. and Dhillon,G. (1995) Managing Computer Crime – A Research Outlook [online]. Computer and Security: 14(1995) 645-651. A vailable at: [29 April 2011] Granick,J. S. (n. d. ) Faking It: Calculating Loss In Computer Crime Sentencing [online]. Available at: [1 May 2011] Kawamoto,D. (2007) Oracle Sues SAP On Spying Charges [online] 22 March. CNET News. Available at: [28 April 2011] Kunz,M and Wilson,P. (2004) Computer Crime And Computer Fraud [online]. Available at: [1 May 2011] Margan,T. P. (2011) Oracle, SAP Still Going At It Over TomorrowNow [online] 28 February. Available at: [29 April 2011] Niccolai,J. (2010) SAP: Court Lops $500M Off Oracle’s Potential Damages [online] November. IDG News. Available at: [1 May 2011] Oracle Corporation (2007) Oracle Vs. SAP Lawsuit Complaint [online]. Available at: [28 April 2011] Panorama Consulting Group. (2010) Clash Of The Titans: An Independent Comparison Of SAP Vs. Oracle [online]. Available at: [10 April 2011] PeopleSoft (2011) Oracle vs. SAP [online] 1 May. Available at: [1 May 2011] Romney,M. B. and Steinbart,P. J. 2009) Accounting Information Systems, 11th Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. Shaw,E. et al. (n. d. ) The Insider Threat To Information Systems: The Psychology Of The Dangerous Insider [online]. Security Awareness Bulletin: No. 2-98. Available at: [29 April 2011] Slappendel,S. (2010) Oracle v. SAP: Highest Damages Awarded For A Copyright Infringement Lawsuit [online]. Available at: [28 April 2011] Standler,R. B. (2007) Tips For Avoiding Computer Crime [online] 25 November. Available at: [29 April 2011] Team,T. (2010) SAP-Oracle Lawsuit Could Weigh On SAP Market Share, Stock Price [online] 14 December. Available at: [29 April 2011] The National Fraud Center, Inc. (2000) The Growing Global Threat Of Economic And Cyber Crime [online] December. Available at: [1 May 2011] APPENDIX: A COPY OF THE NEWS REPORT Oracle awarded $1. 3bn in SAP data theft case 24 November 2010 Last updated at 07:32 GMT Oracle chief executive Larry Ellison testified during the case European software giant SAP has been ordered by a Californian court to pay US rival Oracle $1. 3bn (? 820m) after losing a data theft case. The case revolved around customer-support documents and software stolen by SAP's subsidiary TomorrowNow. Oracle alleged that the German company intended to use the data to poach the 358 customers involved, and demanded $1. 65bn compensation. SAP had claimed it owed only $40m, but the jury decided in Oracle's favour. SAP said it was disappointed with the jury's decision and would look to challenge the verdict. [We will] pursue all available options, including post-trial motions and appeal if necessary,† it said in a statement. It did, however, reiterate that it had made a mistake: â€Å"We regret the actions of TomorrowNow, we have accepted liability, and have been willing to fairly compensate Oracle†. ‘Big dreams' Oracle co-president Safra Catz expressed her satisfa ction with the verdict: â€Å"For more than three years, SAP stole thousands of copies of Oracle software and then resold that software and related services to Oracle's own customers. â€Å"The trial made it clear that SAP's most senior executives

Indian Freedom Fighters Essay

Jawaharlal Nehru born on 14th November 1889 in Allahabad, was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics for much of the 20th century. He emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian Independence Movement under Mahatma Gandhi and ruled India from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in office in 1964. Nehru is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state; a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. A committed nationalist since his teenage years, Nehru became a rising figure in Indian politics during the upheavals of the 1910s. He became the prominent leader of the Indian National Congress during the 1920s, and eventually of the entire Congress,. As Congress President, Nehru called for complete independence from Britain He was the principal author of the Indian Declaration of Independence (1929). As Prime Minister, Nehru set out to realise his vision of India. The Constitution of India was enacted in 1950, after which he embarked on an ambitious program of economic, social and political reforms. Chiefly, he oversaw India’s transition from a monarchy to a republic, while nurturing a plural, multi-party democracy. In foreign policy, Nehru took a leading role in Non-Alignment while projecting India as a regional hegemon in South Asia. Under Nehru’s leadership, the Congress emerged as a catch-all party, dominating national politics and winning consecutive elections in 1951, 1957, and 1962. He remained popular with the people of India in spite of political troubles in his final years and failure of leadership during Sino-Indian War. In India, his birthday is celebrated as Children’s Day. He died on may 27, 1964 in New Delhi. Gulzari Gulzarilal Nanda born on July 4 1898 in Sialkot, Pakistan, was an Indian politician and an economist with specialisation in labour problems. He was the interim Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, and the second time after the death of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966. The Government of India honoured Nanda with the Bharat Ratna award in 1997 Both his terms were uneventful, yet they were sensitive of period because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru’s death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri’s death after a war with Pakistan  in 1965. He died on January 15 1998 in New Delhi. Lal Bahadur Shastri Lal Bahadur Shastri born on 2 October 1904 in Ramnagar, was the second Prime Minister of the Republic of India and a leader of the Indian National Congress party. Shastri joined the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. Deeply impressed and influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, he became a loyal follower, first of Gandhi, and then of Jawaharlal Nehru. Following independence in 1947, he joined the latter’s government and became one of Prime Minister Nehru’s principal lieutenants, first as Railways Minister (1951–56), and then in a variety of other functions, including Home Minister. Shastri was chosen as Nehru’s successor owing to his adherence to Nehruvian socialism Shastri as Prime Minister continued Nehru’s policies of non-alignment and socialism. He became a national hero following the victory in the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965. His slogan of â€Å"Jai Jawan Jai Kisan† (â€Å"Hail the soldier, Hail the farmer†) became very popular during the war and is remembered even today.[2] The war was formally ended in the Tashkent Agreement of 10 January 1966; he died the following day, still in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, of a heart attack on January 11 1966. Indira Gandhi Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi born on 19 November 1917, was the third Prime Minister of India and a central figure of the Indian National Congress party. Gandhi, who served from 1966 to 1977 and then again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984, is the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of India and the only woman to hold the office. As Prime Minister, Gandhi became known for her political ruthlessness and unprecedented centralisation of power. She presided over a period where India emerged with greater power than before to become the regional hegemon of South Asia with considerable political, economic, and military developments. Gandhi also presided over a state of emergency from 1975 to 1977 during which she ruled by decree and made lasting changes to the constitution of India. She was assassinated on 31 October, 1984, in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star. In 2001, Gandhi was voted the greatest Indian Prime Minister in a poll organised by India Today. She was also named â€Å"Woman of the Millennium† in a  poll organised by the BBC in 1999. Morarji Desai Morarji Desai born on 29 Feb 1896 in Valsad, was a notable Indian independence activist and the fourth Prime Minister of India from 1977 – 1979. He was also the first Prime Minister to head India’s first non-Congress Government. At foreign fronts, Desai holds international fame for his peace activism and made notable efforts to initiate peace between two-rival South Asian states, Pakistan and India. After India’s first nuclear explosion in 1974,Smiling Buddha, Desai helped restore friendly relations with China and Pakistan, and vowed to avoid armed conflict such as Indo-Pakistani war of 1971. Desai has the credible distinction of being the only Indian national to be conferred with Pakistan’s highest civilian award, Nishan-e-Pakistan, which was conferred on him by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan in 1990 in a colorful ceremony. Domestically, he played crucial role in Indian nuclear program after it was targeted by major nuclear powers after conducting a surprise test in 1974. Later, his policies promoted social, health and administrative reforms in the country. He died on 10 April 1995 in New Delhi. Charan Singh Chaudhuri Charan Singh , was the fifth Prime Minister of the Republic of India, serving from 28 July 1979 until 14 January 1980. Charan singh was born into a Jat family on December 23, 1902 in city Noorpur, Uttar Pradesh. Charan Singh entered politics as part of the Independence Movement. After independence he became particularly notable in the 1950s for opposing and winning a battle against Jawaharlal Nehru’s socialistic and collectivist land use policies, for the sake of the Indian Farmer, which endeared him to the agrarian communities throughout the nation, particularly in his native Uttar Pradesh. The leader of the Bharatiya Lok Dal, he was settled at the time for the largely honorary post of Deputy Prime Minister of India. During 1977 Lok Sabha Elections, there was not a single party, hence it was problem, which symbol has to be adopted Hence, a request was made to Chaudhary Charan Singh (Lok Dal) and he agreed to release his party-Lok Dal’s symbol â€Å"HALDHAR’. It was because of efforts of Raj Narain he later became Prime Minister in the year 1979. He was sworn in as Prime Minister with the support of just 64 MPs.Charan Singh died on 29 May 1987 in New  Delhi. He was survived by his wife, Gayatri Devi and five children. Rajiv Gandhi Rajiv Ratna Gandhi born on 20 August 1944 in Mumbai, was the sixth Prime Minister of India, serving from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, his mother, to become the youngest Indian Prime Minister. For much of Rajiv’s childhood his grandfather Jawaharlal Nehru was prime minister. He became a professional pilot for the Indian Airlines. In 1968, he married Sonia Gandhi—and the couple settled down in Delhi to a domestic life with their children Rahul and Priyanka. Although for much of the 1970s his mother was prime minister, and his brother Sanjay wielded significant unofficial power, Rajiv remained apolitical. After Sanjay’s death in a plane crash in 1980, Rajiv reluctantly entered politics at the behest of Indira. The following year he became a member of the Lok Sabha . As part of his political grooming, Rajiv was made a general secretary of the Congress and given significant responsibility in organising the 1982 Asian Games. Rajiv Gandhi remained Congress President until the elections in 1991. While campaigning for the elections, he was assassinated by a suicide bomber from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in May 21 1991 in Sriperumbudur. Rajiv Gandhi was awarded the highest civilian award by the government of India, Bharat Ratna in 1991. V. P. Singh Vishwanath Pratap Singh born on 25 June 1931 in Allahabad, was the 7th Prime Minister of India. His initial ministry consisted of the following Cabinet ministers and their departments. The Cabinet was functional from the 2 December 1989 to 10 November 1990. Hence , he was ousted less than a year later. To hold unwieldy coalition together proved to be a formidable task. Additionally, Singh faced secessionist movements in the states of Punjab and Kashmir. The latter threatened to erupt into armed conflict with Pakistan in early 1990 and exacerbated Hindu-Muslim conflict in the country. Known as a consensus builder, skilled negotiator, and a person of strong will, Singh’s talents were considerable, but were stretched to their utmost and ultimately failed. Singh held the post as Prime Minister less than a year due to  pressures from political rivals and an electorate increasingly polarized along caste and religious lines. He died on November 10, 2006 in New Delhi. Chandra Shekhar Chandra Shekhar Singh born on 17 April 1927 in Ibrahimpatti, was the eighth Prime Minister of India. He became the eighth Prime Minister of India on 10 November 1990 as Congress decided to extend outside support to his government. The relationship crumbled quickly, as the Congress party accused him of spying on Rajiv Gandhi, their leader at that time.[3] The Congress Party then boycotted Parliament and as Shekhar’s faction only had 64 MPs, he resigned in a nationally televised address on 6 March 1991. He remained in office until national elections could be held later that year.[4]It was during these elections that Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated. Shekhar was known for abiding by the parliamentary conventions and was honoured with the inaugural Outstanding Parliamentarian Award in 1995.[3] Shekhar was a member of the Lok Sabha, India’s lower house of Parliament. He led the Samajwadi Janata Party. Starting in 1977, he won elections to the Lok Sabha eight times from Ballia constituency in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Chandra Shekhar suffered from multiple myeloma, a form of cancer of the plasma cell. He had been hospitalised for over three months by the date of his death, aged 80, in New Delhi on 8 July 2007 P. V. Narasimha Rao Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao born on 28 June 1921 in Vangara, Karimnagar, was an Indian lawyer, politician and freedom fighter[1] who served as the ninth Prime Minister of India from1991 to 1996. He led an important administration, overseeing a major economic transformation and several home incidents affecting national security of India.[3] Rao who held the Industries portfolio was personally responsible for the dismantling of the Licence Rajas this came under the purview of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.[4] He is often referred to as the â€Å"Father of Indian Economic Reforms†.[5][6]Future prime ministers Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Manmohan Singh continued the economic reform policies pioneered by Rao’s government. Rao accelerated the dismantling of the License Raj, reversing the socialist policies of Rajiv Gandhi’s government. He employed Dr. Manmohan Singh as his Finance Minister to embark on historic economic  transition. With Rao’s mandate, Dr. Manmohan Singh launched India’s globalisation angle of the reforms that implemented the International Monetary Fund (IMF) policies to rescue the almost bankrupt nation from economic collapse.[4] Rao was also referred to as Chanakya for his ability to steer tough economic and political legislation through the parliament at a time when he headed aminority government.[7][8] Rao died on December 23, 2004 of a heart attack in New Delhi. He was cremated in Hyderabad.[10] He was a versatile personality with interests in a variety of subjects such as literature and computer software. He spoke 17 languages. H. D. Deve Gowda Haradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda born 18 May 1933 in Haradanahalli was the 11th Prime Minister of India from 1996 to 1997 and the 14th Chief minister of the state of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. He is an influential leader of the Vokkaliga community and is popularly known as â€Å"Mannina maga† (Son of the soil) for espousing the cause of the farmers.He is the National President of the Janata Dal (Secular) party. He earned his Diploma in Civil Engineering from Smt.L.V. Polytechnic, Hassan, Karnataka.[2] He married Smt. Chennamma and the couple have 4 sons and 2 daughters. His parents, Shri Dodde Gowda and Smt. Devamma were from a middle class agricultural background.[6] Hence, he was exposed to the hardships of farmers, early in his life and later became a champion of the farmers cause.[5] I.K. Gujral Inder Kumar Gujral was an Indian politician who served as the 12th Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998. Inder Kumar Gujral was born on 4 December 1919 to Avtar Narain and Pushpa Gujral in Jhelum, pakistan. He studied at D.A.V. College, Hailey College of Commerce and Forman Christian College University, Lahore. He also participated in the Indian independence movement and was jailed in 1942 during the Quit India Movement. As a student he became a member of the Communist Party of India. Gujral was admitted at Medanta Hospital in Gurgaon, Haryana, on 19 November 2012, after being diagnosed with a lung infection.[38] He had suffered a serious chest infection a few days before being admitted to the hospital[39] following more than a year of dialysis.[15] His health deteriorated in the hospital and was reported to be â€Å"very critical†. On 27 November, he fell unconscious  and his urine output system stopped working. Gujral died on 30 November 2012. The government of India declared a seven-day period of state mourning and cancelled official functions until 6 December. Atal Bihari Vajpayee Atal Bihari Vajpayee born 25 December 1924 in Gwalior, is an Indian statesman who served as the 10th Prime Minister of India, in three non-consecutive terms, first for 13 days in 1996, then for 13 months from 1998 to 1999 and then from 1999 to 2004 for a full five year term. A parliamentarian for over four decades, Vajpayee was elected to the Lok Sabha (the lower house of India’s Parliament) nine times, and twice to the Rajya Sabha (upper house). He is the only one to be elected from four different states at different times (Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Delhi.) He won his first election from Balrampur and later he moved to Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, until 2009, when he retired from active politics due to health concerns. Vajpayee was among the founding members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh political party and had also been its President. He was also the Minister of External Affairs in the cabinet of Morarji Desai. Manmohan Singh Manmohan Singh is the 13th and current Prime Minister of India. A renowned economist, he is the only Prime Minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to return to power after completing a full five-year term, and the first non-Hindu to hold the office. Born on September 26, 1932 in Gah , Pakistan, Singh’s family migrated to India during its partition in 1947. He received a BA from Cambridge, and after obtaining his doctorate in economics from Oxford, Singh worked for the United Nations in 1966–69. He subsequently began his bureaucratic career when Lalit Narayan Mishra hired him as an advisor in the Ministry of Foreign Trade. Over the 70s and 80s, Singh held several key posts, in theGovernment of India such as Chief Economic Advisor (1972–76), Reserve Bank governor (1982–85) and Planning Commission head (1985–87). In 2004, when the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) came to power, its chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly relinquished the premiership to Manmohan Singh. This Singh-led â€Å"UPA I† government executed several key legislations and projects, including the Rural Health  Mission, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Employment Guarantee scheme and Right to Information Act. In 2008, opposition to a historic civil nuclear agreement with the United States nearly caused Singh’s government to fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support. Although India’s economy grew rapidly under UPA I, its security was threatened by several terrorist incidents (including the 2008 Mumbai attacks) and the continuing Maoist insurgency.The 2009 general election saw the UPA return with an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of Prime Minister.

The Soviet Union and the United States

After WWII The Soviet Union and the United States had many different political ideologies particularly communism and capitalism. Capitalism is a belief that private property should be replaced by community ownership. Communism is opposed private ownership economies of the United States and its allies. Based on Document A, a document was first telegraphed to American officials in Washington on February 22, 1946 and it happened after WWII. In Document A the United States made the idea of containment.Containment is the idea of the Soviet Union and Soviet communism should not be allowed to spread. One idea of containment was the Berlin Airlift and the Berlin Blockade. The Berlin airlift went from June 27th 1948 to May 12th, 1949(Document B). Between these two dates Stalin and The Soviet Union decided to stop any shipments including food coming into West Berlin. What happened to West Berlin was that they were completely surrounded by communism and may have to surrender if it not been for the US and it allies.Then a year after on May 12th,1949 Stalin stopped the blockade ( Document B). This is a good demonstration of containment because it shows that Stalin failed with the blockade because he caused the West Berliners to quit and give up all they and had and turn to Communism. Another idea of containment was the United States answers to the Korean War. The war started on June 25th 1950 and ended on July 27th 1953( Doc C). What happened was the on June 25th, 1950 North Korea first invades South Korea ( Document C).North Korea was supported by Harry Truman and the Soviets and attacked South Korea which was supported by General Douglas MacArthur and help of the United Nations The war had caused 50,000 American death and 2 million of others. China decided to help North Korea because they lacked the logistical support to supply any further pressure to the south ( Document C). The Korean War shows Containment by keeping North Korea contained and communism did not work to s pread. The last demonstration of containment was the Cuban Missile Crisis.On January 1959 the country Cuba becomes communist under a guy named Fidel Castro. Three years after that on May 1962 the soviets secretly begin the shipping of 40,000 troops, 60 missiles and 158 nuclear warheads to Cuba. ( Document D). In response to this the Unites States announced a separation against ships carrying offensive weapons to Cuba. Then in April 1963 in a quiet agreement with the soviets United States removes the missiles from Turkey. This shows containment by the Cubans failing to use the soviets missiles against the US.